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Enamel (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a050) and dentine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a050) specimens were obtained from bovine incisors, prepared, and randomly allocated to one of five groups according to the restorative treatment: alkasite without adhesive system; alkasite with adhesive system; high viscosity glass ionomer cement; resin composite; no restoration; negative control group. Specimens were restored, exposed to a thermal cycling aging protocol, sterilized, and exposed to a cariogenic challenge induced by <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> and then submitted to surface and subsurface microhardness tests and polarized light microscopy to verify the caries lesion development in enamel or dentine surrounding the restorative materials. Data were analyzed using one\u2010way ANOVA. In enamel and dentine, glass ionomer cement, alkasite without and with adhesive system presented a lower percentage surface microhardness loss than resin composite and negative control. Enamel subsurface microhardness presented no statistically significant differences between glass ionomer cement, alkasite without and with adhesive system. Glass ionomer cement also did not present statistically significant differences from resin composite and the negative control. In dentine, glass ionomer cement showed the highest subsurface microhardness values. In conclusion, bioactive restorative materials provide greater protection to enamel and dentine against surface caries development than resin composite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T05:03:35Z","timestamp":1692421415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of bioactive materials in preventing <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>\u2010induced caries on enamel and dentine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7081-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila Mondrag\u00f3n","family":"Contreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u2013 UNESP Institute of Science and Technology  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 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