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Saliva is composed of water, ions, and proteins such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins that play essential roles in the digestion of food, lubrication, and prevention of dental caries and periodontitis. An increasing number of people experience saliva hyposecretion due to aging, medications, Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome, and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. However, current treatments are mostly limited to temporary symptomatic relief. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying saliva secretion and hyposecretion to provide insight into putative therapeutic targets for treatment. Proteins implicated in saliva secretion pathways, including Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010signaling proteins, aquaporins, soluble N\u2010ethylmaleimide\u2010sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, and tight junctions, are aberrantly expressed and localized in patients with saliva hyposecretion, such as Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome. Analysis of studies on the mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion suggests that crosstalk between fluid and protein secretory pathways via Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/protein kinase C and cAMP\/protein kinase A regulates saliva secretion. Impaired crosstalk between the two secretory pathways may contribute to saliva hyposecretion. Future research into the detailed regulatory mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion may provide information to define novel targets and generate therapeutic strategies for saliva hyposecretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T07:04:30Z","timestamp":1704783870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5303-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun\u2010Ah Christine","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo New York 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