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Mouse HNSCC was induced with 4\u2010nitroquinoline\u20101 oxide (4NQO). Oral epithelial dysplastic lesions, carcinoma in situ and HNSCC lesions were stained with anti\u2010PD\u2010L1 and TIM3 antibodies. The expression of PD\u2010L1 and TIM3 in tumor cells and immune cells was semiquantitatively measured and compared. In parallel, human dysplasia and HNSCC were stained with anti\u2010PD\u2010L1 and anti\u2010TIM3. The expression pattern of PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and TIM3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells was further compared. In human and mouse samples both PD\u2010L1 and TIM3 were found to be expressed in neoplastic and immune cells in HNSCC, but not in dysplasia. There was no significant difference in PD\u2010L1 and TIM3 expression between metastatic and nonmetastatic HNSCC. We conclude that the 4NQO\u2010induced mouse HNSCC model may be an excellent preclinical model for immune checkpoint therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.13010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T03:35:42Z","timestamp":1722569742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The expression of immune checkpoint proteins PD\u2010L1 and TIM3 in mouse and human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3602-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areeg","family":"Elmusrati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Signaling Division of Oral Biology and Medicine School of Dentistry University of California  Los Angeles California 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