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Narrow implants (\u00d83.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0mm \u2010 11\u00b0 internal conical connection) were manufactured from three different bulk materials: commercially pure titanium grade\u2010IV (CP4), cold\u2010worked titanium (CW), and 4Titude (4Ti), and were evaluated under fatigue testing. Eighteen samples per group were tested under step\u2010stress accelerated life testing through 30\u00b0 off\u2010axis load application in mild, moderate, and aggressive loading profiles. The number of cycles and load at failure were used to calculate use\u2010level probability curves and reliability for missions of 100,000 cycles up to 200 N, followed by fractographic analyses. Beta values suggested that damage accumulation dictated failures. Reliability analyses at 80, 120, and 150 N evidenced high reliability for narrow implants independent of bulk material. At 200 N, a decrease in reliability was observed for all groups (\u223c46%). Failure mode analysis depicted similar failures for all groups and comprised implant fracture, abutment fracture, and implant + abutment fractures. Narrow implants presented high reliability for physiologic masticatory forces in the anterior region. Characteristic strength, reliability, and failure modes were similar regardless of bulk material, suggesting that fatigue damage accumulation at thin wall implants dictated failure over bulk material strength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T21:29:42Z","timestamp":1749677382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of bulk material on the reliability and failure mode of narrow implants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7184-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto B.","family":"Benalc\u00e1zar\u2010Jalkh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology Bauru School of Dentistry University of Sao Paulo  Bauru S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5769-6913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo C. 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