{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:32Z","timestamp":1787014172384,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The rising use of 3D\u2010printed temporary prostheses calls for a deeper understanding of microbial adhesion to these prostheses, a topic that remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the surface properties and microbial adhesion of four types of temporary materials manufactured by different methods: two conventionally produced materials\u2014poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and bis\u2010acryl composite (BA)\u2014and two digitally fabricated materials\u2014poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, CAD\/CAM milled) and difunctional methacrylate resin (3Dresin, 3D printed). A total of 120 specimens (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a030 per material) were prepared for surface roughness, contact angle, and microbial adhesion tests using\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally, 12 separate specimens (one per microorganism for each material) were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results revealed that BA and PEMA had higher contact angles than both PMMA and 3Dresin, with BA showing the highest surface roughness.\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited the highest adhesion across all materials. Surprisingly, 3Dresin, despite its low surface roughness, demonstrated the highest microbial adhesion. No statistically significant correlation was found between CFU counts and either surface roughness or contact angle. The study highlights that conventional materials are more hydrophobic than digitally produced ones, suggesting that 3Dresin materials may pose a higher risk of microbial colonization and biomaterial\u2010associated infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T22:40:44Z","timestamp":1750977644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of surface roughness and wettability on microbial adhesion of temporary prostheses made by additive, subtractive, and conventional methods"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2459-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"Sahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Lokman Hekim University \u00c7ankaya Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3917-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazire Esra","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Lokman Hekim University \u00c7ankaya Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6423-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulhamit","family":"Cal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program Lokman Hekim University Ankara 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