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Periodontitis was induced in 30 male Wistar albino rats using ligatures on maxillary second molars. All groups underwent 15 days of smoke exposure, which was then continued for another 15 days in the smoking\u2010only (SO) and smoking\u00a0+\u00a0vitamin C. The vitamin C group received 200\u00a0mg\/kg\/day of intraperitoneal vitamin C; the saline group received 0.9% NaCl. On Day 28, rats were euthanized for biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. The SO group showed significantly elevated cotinine and tumor necrotizing factor\u2010\u03b1 levels. Reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, and catalase activity were also significantly higher in this group. Vitamin C groups showed lower levels, with no significant differences between them. Ferric\u2010reducing antioxidant power levels in the saline group were significantly higher than in the SO group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant differences in Ki\u201067 and matrix metalloproteinase\u20108\u2010positive\u2010stained cells between SO and vitamin C groups. Within the limitations of this model, vitamin C supplementation was associated with reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in smoke\u2010exposed rats with periodontitis. These results suggest vitamin C may modulate host antioxidant defense, though further clinical confirmation is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.70080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:30:51Z","timestamp":1773315051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of vitamin C supplementation on periodontal inflammation and oxidative stress in cigarette\u2010smoke\u2010exposed rats with periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4987-8626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilayda","family":"Ilday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0497-0314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. 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