{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:55:20Z","timestamp":1781517320627,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Calcium silicate\u2010based and glass ionomer cements are often used in caries\u2010affected dentine. This study investigated the remineralising and physicochemical properties of two calcium silicates and a glass ionomer cement. Human molars with Class I cavities were subjected to pH cycling to simulate caries lesions. These were restored using two different calcium silicate cements (CTR\u2013MTA or MTA\u2010VOCO) or a glass ionomer cement (GIC). After storage in artificial saliva, Knoop microhardness (KHN) was measured within a 300\u2010\u00b5m zone from the interface. Solubility, pH, calcium ion release, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)\u2013energy\u2010dispersive x\u2010ray (EDX) and Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were also conducted. Data were statistically analysed with statistical significance set at\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05. Both MTAs promoted greater remineralisation (KHN) compared to GIC. GIC showed the lowest solubility, whereas CTR\u2013MTA demonstrated the highest solubility, followed by MTA\u2010VOCO; the latter had the highest calcium release. Apatite deposition was observed only in the MTA groups (SEM\u2013EDX and FTIR). MTA\u2010VOCO demonstrated superior calcium ion release and increased dentine microhardness, although some signs of collagen degradation were also visible. Clinical relevance: GIC and calcium silicate cements may enhance mineral deposition in caries\u2010affected dentine, though the alkalinity of MTAs might compromise collagen integrity at the bonding interface.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:38:42Z","timestamp":1773121122000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physicochemical and remineralisation properties of calcium silicate and glass ionomer cements applied in simulated caries\u2010affected dentine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6110-4298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Lukomska\u2010Szymanska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry Medical University of Lodz  Lodz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2333-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Radwanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Medical University of Lodz  Lodz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1150-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella Helen","family":"Constantinidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad CEU\u2010Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0789-9429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto R. Elias","family":"Boneta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Medicine University of Puerto Rico  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umer","family":"Daood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry IMU  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Research (CTR), Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI) IMU  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6768-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kharouf","family":"Naji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121 Strasbourg University  Strasbourg 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