{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:03:46Z","timestamp":1789650226768,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This in vitro study evaluated the effect of thermocycling on the surface properties of ion\u2010releasing and non\u2010ion\u2010releasing bulk\u2010fill resin composites. Disc\u2010shaped samples were fabricated from three commonly used ion\u2010releasing resin composites and one non\u2010ion\u2010releasing control (Filtek Bulk). The baseline readings were recorded for one\u2010third of randomly selected samples, whereas the rest underwent thermocycling (5000 and 10,000 cycles between 5 and 55\u00b0C, 30\u00a0s dwell time, 10\u00a0s transfer). Surface morphology, topography, nanoindentation, contact angle, pH, and color changes were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one\u2010way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc tests (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u00a00.05). Thermocycling led to increased roughness, reduced hardness, and elastic modulus in ion\u2010releasing groups. Filtek Bulk exhibited minimal changes, with roughness increasing slightly (0.64\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.08 to 0.79\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.08\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    m) and nanohardness decreasing (0.67 to 0.58\u00a0GPa). Beautifil Bulk Restorative and Fill\u2010Up! showed moderate degradation, whereas Cention Forte experienced the sharpest decline in tested properties. Filtek Bulk maintained the highest color stability, whereas Cention Forte showed pronounced discoloration. Thermocycling was pronounced in ion\u2010releasing bulk\u2010fill restorative resin composites compared to non\u2010ion\u2010releasing ones. These findings suggest that, alongside therapeutic benefits, surface integrity, mechanical stability, and long\u2010term esthetics must be considered when selecting ion\u2010releasing bulk\u2010fill restorative composites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:05:47Z","timestamp":1778065547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How does thermocycling affect the surface properties of ion\u2010releasing bulk\u2011fill resin composites?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Abdullah","family":"Al\u2010Malwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dentistry Department\u2010Division of Endodontics College of Dentistry King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abrar Nasser Bin","family":"Nooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan N.","family":"Al\u2010Kahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz Abdullah","family":"Al\u2010Khureif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Al\u2010Sunbul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dentistry Department College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aftab Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Sohail","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Department College of Dentistry Ajman University  Ajman UAE"},{"name":"Centre of Medical and Bio\u2010allied Health Sciences Research Ajman University  Ajman UAE"},{"name":"School of Dentistry Jordan University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka P.","family":"Matinlinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Science Division of Dentistry University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Dental Materials Science Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00226-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.661734"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","article-title":"Longevity of amalgam versus composite resin restorations in permanent posterior teeth: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Bhagwat S","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2022.06.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14010040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2022.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2013.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2018.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67616-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-020-2169-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19622-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517709464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.03.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22514\/jocpd.2024.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2017-161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15124042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14112769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10667857.2020.1837555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.13016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12040882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12094346"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03069-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs8110441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/abbf7f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16052130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/18-146-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2021.102634.1837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Investigation and control of filler\u2010matrix interactions applied to dental composites","author":"Shah PK","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-016-0579-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01127-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2015-260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-0958-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2008.10.009"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Oral Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eos.70098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eos.70098","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eos.70098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:18:01Z","timestamp":1789647481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eos.70098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eos.70098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eos.70098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-8836","1600-0722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-8836","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0722","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70098"}}