{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:42:53Z","timestamp":1790422973678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To more definitively characterize Wada\/functional magnetic resonance imaging (f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) language dominance discordance rates with the largest sample of patients with epilepsy to date, and to examine demographic, clinical, and methodologic predictors of discordance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred twenty\u2010nine patients with epilepsy underwent both a standardized Wada test and a semantic decision f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>language protocol in a prospective research study. Language laterality indices were computed for each test using automated and double\u2010blind methods, and Wada\/f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>discordance rates were calculated using objective criteria for discordance. Regression analyses were used to explore a range of variables that might predict discordance, including subject variables, Wada quality indices, and f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>quality indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Discordant results were observed in 14% of patients. Discordance was highest among those categorized by either test as having bilateral language. In a multivariate model, the only factor that predicted discordance was the degree of atypical language dominance on f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>fMRI language lateralization is generally concordant with Wada testing. The degree of rightward shift of language dominance on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>testing is strongly correlated with Wada\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>discordance, suggesting that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>may be more sensitive than Wada to right hemisphere language processing, although the clinical significance of this increased sensitivity is unknown. The relative accuracy of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>versus Wada testing for predicting postsurgical language outcome in discordant cases remains a topic for future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T14:18:57Z","timestamp":1357568337000},"page":"314-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Language lateralization by f<scp>MRI<\/scp>and Wada testing in 229 patients with epilepsy: Rates and predictors of discordance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Julie K.","family":"Janecek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara J.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Sabsevitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Hammeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"E. 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