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The course and outcome of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated seizures and epilepsy are poorly understood. Substrates underlying<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated seizures and epilepsy are unknown. Another unknown is if there is an association between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>and hippocampal sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>) and if it leads to intractable epilepsy. We review evidence regarding the structural basis of seizures and epilepsy in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>and its association with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>. There are only a limited number of prospective studies of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated seizures and epilepsy. From these, it can be inferred that the risk of seizure recurrence is high following a first seizure, even though seizures are well\u2010controlled with antiepileptic drugs. The single most important risk factor for ongoing or recurrent seizures is the persistence of either degenerating or residual calcified cysticercus cysts in the brain parenchyma on follow\u2010up imaging studies. Medically intractable epilepsy requiring surgical treatment appears to be rare in people with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>. In few cases that have been operated, gliosis around the cysticerci is the principal pathologic finding. Reports of the association between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>might be categorized into those in which the calcified cysticercus is located within the hippocampus and those in which the calcified cysticercus is located remote from the hippocampus. The former are convincing cases of medically intractable epilepsy with good seizure control following hippocampal resection. In the remaining, it is unclear whether a dual pathology relationship exists between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>and the calcified cysticercus. Carefully planned, follow\u2010up studies incorporating high\u2010resolution and quantitative imaging are desirable in order to clarify the outcome, the structural basis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated epilepsy, and also its association with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]],"date-time":"2013-04-26T13:05:27Z","timestamp":1366981527000},"page":"783-792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["From seizures to epilepsy and its substrates:<scp>N<\/scp>eurocysticercosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Dayanand Medical College Ludhiana India"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Institute of Neurology London 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