{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:15:41Z","timestamp":1761513341287},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>utyl\u2010propylacetamide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content>) is a one\u2010carbon homolog of valnoctamide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCD<\/jats:styled-content>), a chiral constitutional isomer of valproic acid's (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content>) corresponding amide valpromide. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCD<\/jats:styled-content> has potential as a therapy in epilepsy including status epilepticus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>) and neuropathic pain, and is currently being developed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content> possess two stereogenic carbons in their chemical structure. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content> possesses a unique and broad\u2010spectrum antiseizure profile superior to that of valproic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPA<\/jats:styled-content>) and better than that of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCD<\/jats:styled-content>. In addition <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content> blocked behavioral\u2010 and electrographic\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> induced by pilocarpine and soman (organophosphate nerve gas) and afforded in vivo neuroprotection that was associated with cognitive sparing. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCD<\/jats:styled-content> has activity similar to that of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content> in pilocarpine\u2010induced status epilepticus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>), although at higher doses. The activity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCD<\/jats:styled-content> against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> is superior to that of diazepam in terms of rapid onset, potency, and ability to block <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> when given 20\u201360\u00a0min after seizure onset. When administered 20 and 40\u00a0min after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> onset, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content> (100\u2013174\u00a0mg\/kg) produced long\u2010lasting efficacy (e.g., 4\u20138\u00a0h) against soman\u2010induced convulsive and electrographic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> in both rats and guinea pigs. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content> activity in the pilocarpine and soman\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> models when administered 20\u201360\u00a0min after seizure onset, differentiates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPD<\/jats:styled-content> from benzodiazepines and all other antiepileptic drugs 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