{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:59:23Z","timestamp":1779191963235,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]],"date-time":"2013-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reports of childhood epilepsies in temporal association with vaccination have had a great impact on the acceptance of vaccination programs by health care providers, but little is known about this possible temporal association and about the types of seizures following vaccinations. For these reasons the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>talian <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eague <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>gainst <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>pilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LICE<\/jats:styled-content>), in collaboration with other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>talian <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">s<\/jats:styled-content>cientific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">s<\/jats:styled-content>ocieties, has decided to generate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>uidelines on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>accinations and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>pilepsy. The aim of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>uidelines on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>accinations and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>pilepsy is to present recent unequivocal evidence from published reports on the possible relationship between vaccines and epilepsy in order to provide information about contraindications and risks of vaccinations in patients with epilepsy. The following main issues have been addressed: (1) whether contraindications to vaccinations exist in patients with febrile convulsions, epilepsy, and\/or epileptic encephalopathies; and (2) whether any vaccinations can cause febrile seizures, epilepsy, and\/or epileptic encephalopathies. Diphtheria\u2010tetanus\u2010pertussis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTP<\/jats:styled-content>) vaccination and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMR<\/jats:styled-content>) increase significantly the risk of febrile seizures. Recent observations and data about the relationships between vaccination and epileptic encephalopathy show that some cases of apparent vaccine\u2010induced encephalopathy could in fact be caused by an inherent genetic defect with no causal relationship with vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,9]],"date-time":"2013-12-09T16:44:52Z","timestamp":1386607492000},"page":"13-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Epilepsy and vaccinations: Italian guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Dario","family":"Pruna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Unit Child Neuropsychiatry Department University Hospital Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Balestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit \u201cS. Maria alle Scotte\u201d Hospital University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelia","family":"Zamponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology Ospedali Riuniti Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit \u201cS. Maria alle Scotte\u201d Hospital University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology Unit IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Pediatric Neurology Unit and Epilepsy Center Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico Hospital Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Franzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Department University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Osti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"President of Clinical Guidelines Commission Italian Pediatric Society Medical Direction Pediatric Research Hospital Bambino Ges\u00f9 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Capovilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Department Epilepsy Center C. Poma Hospital Mantova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Longhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Division St. Anna Hospital Como Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Verrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Chieti SS. Annunziata, Hospital Chieti Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02755.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.2.279","article-title":"The relationship between pertussis vaccine and central nervous system sequelae: continuing assessment","volume":"97","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00500-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1535-7511.2007.00163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70446-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61877-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3280555160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"258","article-title":"Update: recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding administration of combination MMRV vaccine","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"989","article-title":"Update: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding use of CSL seasonal influenza vaccine (Afluria) in the United States during 2010\u201311","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.68.5.650","article-title":"Nature and rates of adverse reactions associated with DTP and DT immunizations in infants and children","volume":"68","author":"Cody CL","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"712","article-title":"Placing the risk of seizures with pediatric vaccines in a clinical context","volume":"5","author":"Davis RL","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatri Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00445-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/13.7.597","article-title":"Genetics and the myth of vaccine encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Doja A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.039438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.085944"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510250053034","article-title":"Risk of serious acute neurological illness after immunization with diphtheria\u2010tetanus\u2010pertussis vaccine. A population\u2010based case\u2010control study","volume":"271","author":"Gale JL","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)00169-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.83.2.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00191-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440120063038","article-title":"Risk of seizures and encephalopathy after immunization with the diphtheria\u2010tetanus\u2010pertussis vaccine","volume":"263","author":"Griffin MR","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"Guida alle controndicazioni alle vaccinazioni. (2005) 3\u00b0 edizione maggio. Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(99)00076-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200208000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00271-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","first-page":"2113","article-title":"Vaccine adverse events: separating myth from reality","volume":"66","author":"Kimmel SR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"55","author":"Kroger AT","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.e348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"59","author":"Marin M","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70107-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6913.1171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000130075.56368.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.02.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03638.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","unstructured":"PNLG (Programma nazionale per le linee guida). (2002) Manuale Metodologico. Come produrre diffondere e aggiornare raccomandazioni per la pratica clinica. Istituto Superiore Di Sanit\u00e0 maggio 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181a6a511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000234067.84848.e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e699","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0887","article-title":"Alleged cases of vaccine encephalopathy rediagnosed years later as Dravet syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Reyes IS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","volume-title":"The green book","author":"Salisbury D","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70452-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70288-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","unstructured":"SIGN 50. (2008) A Guideline Developer's Handbook. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Revised Edition January 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2009.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Survey of vaccination and viral infections for children with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy","volume":"36","author":"Tanabe T","year":"2004","journal-title":"No To Hattatsu"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.174.5.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","volume-title":"Adverse events associated with pertussis and rubella vaccines","author":"U.S. Institute of Medicine","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","volume-title":"DPT vaccine and chronic nervous system dysfunction: a new analysis","author":"U.S. Institute of Medicine","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200404000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.3.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3283350425"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.14.1702"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70109-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1977"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.12306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.12306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T22:33:45Z","timestamp":1694644425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.12306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.12306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.12306","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}}}