{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:39:32Z","timestamp":1787236772256,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is characterized by brief generalized myoclonic seizures associated with generalized spike\u2010wave paroxysms without other seizure types occurring in the first 3\u00a0years of life in developmentally normal children. In this study we analyze the electroclinical features, treatment, and outcome of 38 patients with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review was conducted in 38 patients followed at the Neurology Department of the Pediatric Hospital Juan P. Garrahan in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 1990 and 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 24 boys and 14 girls were identified. The mean and median ages at seizure onset were 16 and 18\u00a0months, respectively (range 3\u201340\u00a0months). Ten patients (28.9%) had a family history of epilepsy, and six (15.8%) had a family history of febrile seizures. All patients had several daily brief and isolated myoclonic seizures during wakefulness and predominantly in the first two stages of sleep. Twelve children (31.5%) had reflex myoclonus, triggered by a tactile stimulus in 10 and additionally by noise and light in 2. The remaining two had photosensitive myoclonic jerks. The interictal electroencephalography (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) recordings evidenced generalized spike waves, polyspikes, and polyspike\u2010wave paroxysms. The interictal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was normal in 12 patients. The abnormalities on the ictal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were similar to those on the interictal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Most of the patients responded well to valproic acid. After a mean follow\u2010up of 13.5\u00a0years, 24 patients (63%) were without treatment. At the last examination, 32 patients had normal neurologic and neuropsychological evaluations. Two patients (5.2%) had significant cognitive impairment (an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      of 60 and 63, respectively) despite good seizure control. Four patients (10.4%) had significant learning impairment, two of whom also had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is a well\u2010defined epileptic syndrome of unknown etiology, but likely of a genetic cause. It is self\u2010limited and pharmacosensitive mainly to valproic acid.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T18:01:51Z","timestamp":1374688911000},"page":"1605-1612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Myoclonic epilepsy in infancy: An electroclinical study and long\u2010term follow\u2010up of 38 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Roberto H.","family":"Caraballo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department Pediatric Hospital \u201cProf Dr Juan P Garrahan,\u201d Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Flesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department Pediatric Hospital \u201cProf Dr Juan P Garrahan,\u201d Buenos Aires 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