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Striatal and thalamic abnormalities have been associated with childhood\u2010onset epilepsies, suggesting that epilepsy\u2010related changes in the subcortical circuit might be associated with the comorbidities of children with epilepsy. We aimed to compare subcortical volumes and their relationship with age in children with complex partial seizures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content>), childhood absence epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content>), and healthy controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>). We examined the shared versus unique structural\u2013functional relationships of these volumes with behavior problems, intelligence, language, peer interaction, and epilepsy variables in these two epilepsy syndromes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated volumetric differences of caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content> (N\u00a0=\u00a021), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> (N\u00a0=\u00a020), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> (N\u00a0=\u00a027). Study subjects underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>), intelligence, and language testing. Parent\u2010completed Child Behavior Checklists provided behavior problem and peer interaction scores. We examined the association of age, intelligence quotient (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>), language, behavioral problems, and epilepsy variables with subcortical volumes that were significantly different between the children with epilepsy and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> exhibited significantly smaller left thalamic volume compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>. In terms of developmental trajectory, greater thalamic volume was significantly correlated with increasing age in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> but not in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>. With regard to the comorbidities, reduced left thalamic volumes were related to more social problems in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content>. Smaller left thalamic volumes in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content> were also associated with poor attention, lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> and language scores, and impaired peer interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study is the first to directly compare and detect shared thalamic structural abnormalities in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content>. These findings highlight the vulnerability of the thalamus and provide important new insights on its possible role in the neurobehavioral comorbidities of childhood\u2010onset epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T13:56:36Z","timestamp":1383918996000},"page":"2116-2124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neurobehavioral comorbidities of pediatric epilepsies are linked to thalamic structural abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Jack J.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California Irvine Irvine California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabha","family":"Siddarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior UCLA Los Angeles California 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