{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:01:02Z","timestamp":1791176462249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep is considered restorative, and good quantity and quality sleep is required for memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity. Sleep disorders are common in patients with epilepsy. Poor sleep quality or quantity may worsen seizure control. On the other end, seizures and epilepsy may worsen the sleep quality and set a vicious cycle. In addition, antiepileptic drugs have an effect on sleep architecture. We performed a systemic literature review with a goal to evaluate the effect of antiepileptic drugs and nondrug treatments for epilepsy on sleep architecture to help better understand treatment effects, especially in patients with epilepsy and sleep problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed and identified studies that evaluated objective sleep outcomes for an antiepileptic drug. We also searched for studies with objective sleep outcomes that evaluated other epilepsy treatments such as epilepsy surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and ketogenic diet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The studies were categorized based on evidence class and study population for an individual antiepileptic drug or treatment. We identified that most antiepileptic drugs and nondrug treatments for epilepsy affect sleep architecture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified that gabapentin, tiagabine, pregabalin, clobazam, and carbamazepine reduce sleep latency and\/or improve sleep efficiency. Phenobarbital, valproic acid, and higher\u2010dose levetiracetam aggravate daytime sleepiness, whereas topiramate and zonisamide do not. Vagus nerve stimulation reduces daytime sleepiness, and ketogenic diet improves slow\u2010wave sleep. Epilepsy surgery may improve nocturnal sleep only in a subgroup of patients with improved seizure frequency. Further studies are needed to evaluate the dose\u2010dependent sleep effects of antiepileptic drugs and nondrug treatments independent of the improvement of epilepsy, and to identify if these changes are clinically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T11:41:17Z","timestamp":1385984477000},"page":"26-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Effects of epilepsy treatments on sleep architecture and daytime sleepiness: An evidence\u2010based review of objective sleep metrics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sejal V.","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy A.","family":"Glauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","author":"Carskadon MA","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications","author":"Iber C","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.46703.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.7.1002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812449692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.12.1105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Central sleep apnea and complex sleep apnea in patients with epilepsy","author":"Vendrame M","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Editors.Classification scheme requirements for therapeutic questions.2009. 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