{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:42:44Z","timestamp":1792363364832,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,22]],"date-time":"2014-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of responsive stimulation at the seizure focus as an adjunctive therapy to reduce the frequency of seizures in adults with medically intractable partial onset seizures arising from one or two seizure foci.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Randomized multicenter double\u2010blinded controlled trial of responsive focal cortical stimulation (RNS System). Subjects with medically intractable partial onset seizures from one or two foci were implanted, and 1\u00a0month postimplant were randomized 1:1 to active or sham stimulation. After the fifth postimplant month, all subjects received responsive stimulation in an open label period (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) to complete 2\u00a0years of postimplant follow\u2010up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All 191 subjects were randomized. The percent change in seizures at the end of the blinded period was \u221237.9% in the active and \u221217.3% in the sham stimulation group (p\u00a0=\u00a00.012, Generalized Estimating Equations). The median percent reduction in seizures in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was 44% at 1\u00a0year and 53% at 2\u00a0years, which represents a progressive and significant improvement with time (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The serious adverse event rate was not different between subjects receiving active and sham stimulation. Adverse events were consistent with the known risks of an implanted medical device, seizures, and of other epilepsy treatments. There were no adverse effects on neuropsychological function or mood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Responsive stimulation to the seizure focus reduced the frequency of partial\u2010onset seizures acutely, showed improving seizure reduction over time, was well tolerated, and was acceptably safe. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      System provides an additional treatment option for patients with medically intractable partial\u2010onset seizures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T12:53:54Z","timestamp":1393246434000},"page":"432-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":608,"title":["Two\u2010year seizure reduction in adults with medically intractable partial onset epilepsy treated with responsive neurostimulation: Final results of the RNS System Pivotal trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Christianne N.","family":"Heck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology University of Southern California Los Angeles California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"King\u2010Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology California Pacific Medical Center San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Via Christi Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Wichita Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dileep R.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara C.","family":"Jobst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory 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