{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:17:42Z","timestamp":1761513462180},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Advances in functional imaging have provided noninvasive techniques to probe brain organization of multiple constructs including language and memory. Because of high overall rates of agreements with older techniques, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ada testing and cortical stimulation mapping (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSM<\/jats:styled-content>), some have proposed that those approaches should be largely abandoned because of their invasiveness, and replaced with noninvasive functional imaging methods. High overall agreement, however, is based largely on concordant language lateralization in series dominated by cases of typical cerebral dominance. Advocating a universal switch from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ada testing and cortical stimulation mapping to functional magnetic resonance imaging (f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI)<\/jats:styled-content> or magnetoencephalography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEG<\/jats:styled-content>) ignores the differences in specific expertise across epilepsy centers, many of which often have greater skill with one approach rather than the other, and that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ada, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSM<\/jats:styled-content>, f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEG<\/jats:styled-content> protocols vary across institutions resulting in different outcomes and reliability. Specific patient characteristics also affect whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ada or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSM<\/jats:styled-content> might influence surgical management, making it difficult to accept broad recommendations against currently useful clinical tools. Although the development of noninvasive techniques has diminished the frequency of more invasive approaches, advocating their use to replace <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ada testing and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSM<\/jats:styled-content> across all epilepsy surgery programs without consideration of the different skills, protocols, and expertise at any given center site is ill\u2010advised.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.12553\/suppinfo\">here<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T14:11:03Z","timestamp":1399644663000},"page":"633-637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cortical cartography 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