{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:28Z","timestamp":1787014168494,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]],"date-time":"2014-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The incidence, prevalence, and mortality of epilepsy vary across countries with different economies. Differences can be explained by methodological problems, premature mortality, seizure remission, socioeconomic factors, and stigma. Diagnostic misclassification\u2014one possible explanation\u2014may result from inclusion of patients with acute symptomatic or isolated unprovoked seizures. Other sources of bias include age and ethnic origin of the target population, definitions of epilepsy, retrospective versus prospective ascertainment, sources of cases, and experienced and perceived stigma. Premature mortality is an issue in low\u2010income countries (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), where treatment gap, brain infections, and traumatic brain injuries are more common than in high\u2010income countries (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). Death rates may reflect untreated continued seizures or inclusion of acute symptomatic seizures. Lack of compliance with antiepileptic drugs has been associated with increased risk for death, increased hospital admissions, motor vehicle accidents, and fractures in poor communities. Epilepsy is a self\u2010remitting clinical condition in up to 50% of cases. Studies in untreated individuals from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    have shown that the proportion of remissions overlaps that of countries where patients receive treatment. When the identification of patients is based on spontaneous reports (e.g., door\u2010to\u2010door surveys), patients in remission may be less likely to disclose the disease for fear of stigmatization with no concurrent benefits. This might lead to underascertainment of cases when assessing the lifetime prevalence of epilepsy. In\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the proportion of people living in poverty is greater than in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Poverty is associated with risk factors for epilepsy, risk for developing epilepsy, and increased mortality. The high incidence and prevalence of epilepsy found in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is also observed in low income individuals from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Epileptogenic conditions are associated with an increased mortality. This may partly explain the difference between incidence and lifetime prevalence of epilepsy in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Poverty within\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HICs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    could be a preventable cause of mortality in epilepsy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.12579\/suppinfo\">here<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]],"date-time":"2014-06-25T15:21:13Z","timestamp":1403709673000},"page":"963-967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Prevalence of epilepsy\u2014An unknown quantity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ettore","family":"Beghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Hesdorffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and GH Sergievsky Center Columbia University New York New York U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700027355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1975.tb04721.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"521","volume-title":"Advances in epileptology: XVth Epilepsy international symposium","author":"Annegers JR","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.t01-1-26901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822cfc90"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.7.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(98)00007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.3.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.3.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00399.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01945.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(90)90020-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318223c784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.9.2.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000319693.10338.b9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6902.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb01692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.064147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6393.645"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.5.570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318293e1b4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.10705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7371.1013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00974.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00413-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Relationship between education and risk factors for coronary artery disease","volume":"112","author":"Gudmundsson K","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nordisk Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.1.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.5.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7083.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00191-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in cancer incidence and mortality","volume":"138","author":"Faggiano F","year":"1997","journal-title":"IARC Sci Pub"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Epidemiology of epilepsy in developing countries","volume":"71","author":"Senanayatake N","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull WHO"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.12579","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.12579","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T03:48:04Z","timestamp":1696304884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.12579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.12579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.12579","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]]}}}