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We summarize the presentations from a conference in which invited participants reviewed relevant aspects of the physiology, mechanisms of action, pharmacology, and data from studies with animal models and human subjects. Cannabis has been used to treat disease since ancient times. \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THC<\/jats:styled-content>) is the major psychoactive ingredient and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> is the major nonpsychoactive ingredient in cannabis. Cannabis and \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THC<\/jats:styled-content> are anticonvulsant in most animal models but can be proconvulsant in some healthy animals. The psychotropic effects of \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THC<\/jats:styled-content> limit tolerability. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> is anticonvulsant in many acute animal models, but there are limited data in chronic models. The antiepileptic mechanisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> are not known, but may include effects on the equilibrative nucleoside transporter; the orphan G\u2010protein\u2010coupled receptor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPR<\/jats:styled-content>55; the transient receptor potential of vanilloid type\u20101 channel; the 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1a<\/jats:sub> receptor; and the \u03b13 and \u03b11 glycine receptors. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> has neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects, and it appears to be well tolerated in humans, but small and methodologically limited studies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> in human epilepsy have been inconclusive. More recent anecdotal reports of high\u2010ratio <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>:\u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THC<\/jats:styled-content> medical marijuana have claimed efficacy, but studies were not controlled. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> bears investigation in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, schizophrenia, addiction, and neonatal hypoxic\u2010ischemic encephalopathy. However, we lack data from well\u2010powered double\u2010blind randomized, controlled studies on the efficacy of pure <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> for any disorder. Initial dose\u2010tolerability and double\u2010blind randomized, controlled studies focusing on target intractable epilepsy populations such as patients with Dravet and Lennox\u2010Gastaut syndromes are being planned. Trials in other treatment\u2010resistant epilepsies may also be warranted.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.12631\/suppinfo\">here<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T14:08:52Z","timestamp":1400767732000},"page":"791-802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":805,"title":["Cannabidiol: Pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Orrin","family":"Devinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Comprehensive Epilepsy Center New York University School of Medicine New York New York U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Roberta","family":"Cilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Pediatric Epilepsy Center University of California San Francisco San Francisco California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Fernandez\u2010Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases; and Ramon and Cajal Institute for Health Research Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Comprehensive Epilepsy Center New York University School of Medicine New York New York U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reading School of Pharmacy The University of Reading Reading Berkshire United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reading School of Pharmacy The University of Reading Reading Berkshire United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG) Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry National Research Council of Italy Pozzuoli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Jutras\u2010Aswad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center Montreal University Health Centre and Department of Psychiatry University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William George","family":"Notcutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Paget University Hospital Great Yarmouth United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Martinez\u2010Orgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, Pediatric Department University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GW Research Ltd Salisbury United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Rohrback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infometrix, Inc. 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