{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:36:39Z","timestamp":1772998599078,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content>) is a young\u2010onset electroclinical syndrome, characterized by myoclonic, generalized tonic\u2013clonic, and possibly typical absence seizures. Interictal electroencephalography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG)<\/jats:styled-content> displays 3\u20136\u00a0Hz spike\/polyspike and wave pattern. Photosensitivity is common. Our aim was to explore the blood oxygen level\u2013dependent (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD)<\/jats:styled-content> response evoked by a highly provocative photic stimulus in a cohort of people with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content> compared to a group of nonphotosensitive healthy controls, and to investigate the hemodynamic phenomena seen in patients with photosensitive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 13 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 18 healthy controls using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013functional magnetic resonance imaging (f<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI)<\/jats:styled-content> performed during low luminance intermittent photic stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPS<\/jats:styled-content>). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPS<\/jats:styled-content> was investigated both in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content> and control groups. In photosensitive JME subjects, we also performed a dynamic evaluation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> signal changes evoked by the photoparoxysmal response (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPR<\/jats:styled-content>) in a time frame ranging from 10\u00a0s before the onset of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> paroxysm up until 10\u00a0s afterward.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPS<\/jats:styled-content> evoked a positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> response in striate and extrastriate visual areas, which was less in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in controls. Moreover, people with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content> had a reduced positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> response in the frontoparietal areas and putamen but a stronger negative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> response in the primary sensorimotor cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>1) and in cortical regions belonging to the default mode network (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMN<\/jats:styled-content>). In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME,<\/jats:styled-content> the dynamic evaluation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> signal changes related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPR<\/jats:styled-content> revealed an early positive response in the putamen and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>1, followed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> signal decrements in the putamen, caudate nuclei, thalami, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results confirm the hypothesis that people with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content> might have an altered interaction between the motor circuit and other neuronal networks, with prominent involvement of basal ganglia circuitry. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPR<\/jats:styled-content> could be a final expression of pathogenic phenomena occurring in the striato\u2010thalamocortical system, possibly a core feature of system epilepsy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JME<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.12634\/suppinfo\">here<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T18:20:04Z","timestamp":1400869204000},"page":"1038-1047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Abnormal response to photic stimulation in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy: An <scp>EEG<\/scp>\u2010f<scp>MRI<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Bartolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Pesaresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neuroradiology Santa Chiara Hospital AOUP Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo Sean","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology Santa Chiara Hospital AOUP Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Sartucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ubaldo","family":"Bonuccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Cosottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00330.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/72972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.451009.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-011-0263-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(92)90027-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93904-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00435-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.1998.tb02006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(86)90079-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.1999.0376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05658.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ebeh.2000.0044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000316120.70504.d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182563b44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00798.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03462.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336969.98241.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2011.09.002"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.12634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.12634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:47:27Z","timestamp":1696319247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.12634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.12634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.12634","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]]}}}