{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:51:05Z","timestamp":1787237465322,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To explore if afebrile seizures associated with minor infections are a single category of seizure, or a set of different kinds of seizures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We conducted this prospective cohort study on three kinds of first afebrile seizure: first afebrile seizure associated with gastrointestinal infection (AS\u2010GI), first afebrile seizure associated with nongastrointestinal infection (AS\u2010\n nGI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and first unprovoked seizure (US). The Kaplan\u2010Meier estimate risks of recurrent seizures were analyzed and compared pairwise. The characteristics of recurrent seizures were also compared pairwise.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The Kaplan\u2010Meier estimate risks of recurrent seizure at 2\u00a0years of the\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010n\n GI,<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups were 6.9%, 23.7%, and 37.8%, respectively. The pairwise differences were significant between the\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups (p\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001) and between the\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010n\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups (p\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001), but not significant between the\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010n\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups (p\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.066). Among unprovoked subsequent seizures in patients with recurrence, the pairwise differences were significant between the\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups (p\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001) and between the\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010n\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups (p\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.005), but not significant between the\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010n\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups (p\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.417).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Significance<\/jats:title>\n \n Afebrile seizures associated with minor infections are indeed of two distinguishable kinds:\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , if free of risk factors such as a family history of epilepsy, had a better prognosis and should be categorized as an acute symptomatic seizure, whereas patients with first\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n nGI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , like patients with first\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n , may have recurrent unprovoked seizures, which suggests this category's essential difference from\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section\n here<\/jats:ext-link>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T14:20:02Z","timestamp":1400854802000},"page":"1001-1008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Are afebrile seizures associated with minor infections a single seizure category? A hospital\u2010based prospective cohort study on outcomes of first afebrile seizure in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Children Nutrition Research Center Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Developmental Diseases in Childhood Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders Chongqing China"},{"name":"Biological Engineering Institute of Chongqing University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University\u2010Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 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