{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:55:46Z","timestamp":1782262546290,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,14]],"date-time":"2014-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["400089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["400089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>Chronic treatment with valproate (VPA) is commonly associated with weight gain, which potentially has important health implications, in particular increased central fat distribution. We utilized a VPA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010discordant same\u2010sex, twin and matched sibling pair study design to primarily examine for differences in fat distribution between patients with epilepsy treated with VPA compared to their matched twin or sibling control. Weight, blood pressure, and leptin levels were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Height, weight, waist and hip measurements, exercise, blood pressure (BP),<\/jats:styled-content> and serum leptin levels were measured. Body composition was measured using dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA<\/jats:styled-content>). Abdominal fat was expressed as a percentage of the abdominal region (AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%); and of whole body fat (WBF<\/jats:styled-content>); (AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%WBF<\/jats:styled-content>). Mean within\u2010pair differences were assessed (VPA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010user and nonuser). Restricted maximum likelihood (REML<\/jats:styled-content>) linear mixed model analysis was fitted to examine associations of anthropometrics, zygosity, gender, menopausal status, VPA<\/jats:styled-content> dose and duration, with weight and AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We studied 19 pairs of VPA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010discordant, gender\u2010matched (five male, 14 female) twins and siblings. Mean (standard deviation, SD<\/jats:styled-content>) duration of therapy for VPA<\/jats:styled-content> users was 11.0 (7.4) years. There were no statistically significant within\u2010pair differences in age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI)<\/jats:styled-content>, BP<\/jats:styled-content>, leptin level, WBF<\/jats:styled-content>, AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%, or AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%WBF<\/jats:styled-content>. For pairs in which VPA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010user was treated for >11\u00a0years there were statistically significant mean within\u2010pair differences in AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%, (+7.1%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.03, n\u00a0=\u00a010 pairs), mean BP (+11.0\u00a0mm Hg, p\u00a0=\u00a00.006, n\u00a0=\u00a08 pairs); but not in AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%WBF<\/jats:styled-content>. VPA<\/jats:styled-content> duration was positively associated with weight (estimate +0.98\u00a0kg\/per year of VPA<\/jats:styled-content>, p\u00a0=\u00a00.03); VPA<\/jats:styled-content> treatment duration and dose were not significantly associated with AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Significance<\/jats:title>This study demonstrated a relationship between long\u2010term VPA<\/jats:styled-content> use and abdominal adiposity (AF<\/jats:styled-content>at%), which could have significant health implications. We recommend ongoing monitoring of weight, BMI,<\/jats:styled-content> and blood pressure for patients taking VPA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,14]],"date-time":"2014-08-14T22:13:07Z","timestamp":1408054387000},"page":"1551-1557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Weight and fat distribution in patients taking valproate: A valproate\u2010discordant gender\u2010matched twin and sibling pair study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Petty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Melbourne Brain Centre The Royal Melbourne Hospital The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital The University of Melbourne Fitzroy Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Ormond College Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Kantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Melbourne Hospital Bone and Mineral Medicine Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate M.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Centre Austin Health The University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel F.","family":"Berkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Centre Austin Health The University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnie","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Consulting Centre The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 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