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Heat shock protein 70 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>70) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>90 are ubiquitous molecular chaperones that play important roles in functions from cellular stress response to receptor trafficking control. There are controversial findings regarding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content> expression in epilepsy. Our goal was to examine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>70 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>90 expression within the human hippocampal formation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients with and without comorbid major depression and psychosis. In addition, we investigated the possible correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content> expression and seizure outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> hippocampi of subjects without psychiatric history, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> and major depression, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> and interictal psychosis derived from epilepsy surgery and control necropsies were investigated for neuronal densities, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>70 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>90 immunoreactive area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content> expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> and decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content> expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> with psychosis cases were detailed. Patients taking fluoxetine showed increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>90 expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>1, and those taking haloperidol decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>90 in the granular layer and subiculum. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients with complete seizure remission presented with decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>70 expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>4 and subiculum and decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>90 expression in the granular layer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present results provide the first demonstration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content> expression in human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> hippocampal formation with and without psychiatric comorbidities. Distinct <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>70 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>90 expression might explain some of the structural and synaptic alterations differentially regulated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTLE<\/jats:styled-content> with and without psychiatric comorbidities. Increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>s expression in key hippocampal subfields would reflect increased epileptogenicity and poorer outcome of epilepsy surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T18:58:20Z","timestamp":1411153100000},"page":"1834-1843","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hippocampal expression of heat shock proteins in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with psychiatric comorbidities and their relation to seizure outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ludmyla","family":"Kandratavicius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA) University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime E.","family":"Hallak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA) University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine (INCT\u2010TM \u2013 CNPq) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Carlos G.","family":"Carlotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Joao A.","family":"Assirati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joao P.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA) University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03990.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbp.2012.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbp.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","article-title":"What are the similarities and differences between schizophrenia and schizophrenia\u2010like psychosis of epilepsy? 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