{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:18:05Z","timestamp":1791339485933,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"FAPESP - Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - Brazil","award":["2013\/07559-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07559-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate white matter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content>) integrity of distinct groups of patients with antiepileptic drug (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2013resistant localization\u2010related epilepsies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used diffusion tensor imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content>) fiber\u2010tractography and voxel\u2010based morphometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VBM<\/jats:styled-content>) to investigate differences of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content> micro\u2010 and macrostructural integrity in patients with different drug\u2010resistant localization\u2010related epilepsies: 17 with temporal lobe epilepsy with magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI)<\/jats:styled-content> signs of hippocampal sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>), 17 with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content> and normal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NL<\/jats:styled-content>), 14 with frontal lobe epilepsy and subtle <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> signs of focal cortical dysplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FCD<\/jats:styled-content>), and 112 healthy controls. We performed fiber\u2010tractography using a semiautomatic deterministic method to yield average fractional anisotropy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content>), axial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>), and radial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>) diffusivity ipsilateral and contralateral to the epileptogenic zone of the following tracts based on their functional and anatomic relevance: body of fornix (BoF), body of cingulum (BoC), inferior frontal occipital (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFO<\/jats:styled-content>), and uncinate fasciculi (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>). In addition, we performed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VBM<\/jats:styled-content> of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content> maps to assess macrostructural integrity differences among groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> had ipsilateral and contralateral decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content> and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> for all tracts. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VBM<\/jats:styled-content> showed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content> alterations mainly in the ipsilateral parahippocampal region and contralateral superior temporal gyrus. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FCD<\/jats:styled-content> showed bilateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content> decreases only in the BoC and ipsilateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> increases also in the BoC. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VBM<\/jats:styled-content> showed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content> reduction mainly in the ipsilateral precuneus and posterior and anterior cingulum. No significant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content> alterations were found in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NL<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VBM<\/jats:styled-content> analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>WM abnormalities differ in distinct <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010resistant localization\u2010related epilepsies. The diverse distribution of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content> damage in these patients suggests that the localization of the epileptic networks may play a role in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content> burden. However, the distinct degree of this damage, more accentuated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>, also suggests that the underlying cause of the epilepsy is probably an additional factor to explain this <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content> damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T07:51:05Z","timestamp":1419580265000},"page":"125-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["White matter abnormalities associate with type and localization of focal epileptogenic lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Brunno M.","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Laboratory Department of Neurology University of Campinas Campinas 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