{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:51:05Z","timestamp":1791823865286,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To describe the etiologies, clinical presentations, outcomes, and predictors of postencephalitic epilepsy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in a large series of adult patients with acute encephalitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with acute encephalitis at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, between January 2000 and December 2012. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      at last follow\u2010up. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 198 consecutive patients (100 [50.5%] male and 98 [49.5%] female) with a median age of 58\u00a0years (range 41.8\u201369). Etiologies included viral infection (n\u00a0=\u00a095, 48%), autoimmune (n\u00a0=\u00a044, 22%), and unknown\/others (n\u00a0=\u00a059, 30%). During hospitalization, seizures were seen in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (n\u00a0=\u00a024, 54.5%), unknown\/others (n\u00a0=\u00a020, 33.9%), and viral encephalitis (n\u00a0=\u00a023, 24.2%). Interictal epileptiform discharges on electroencephalography (EEG) were present in 34 (54%), whereas periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) and generalized periodic discharges (GPDs) were seen in 14 (41.2%) and 2 (5.9%) patients. Forty\u2010six patients with seizures (70.8%) had fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\/T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      abnormalities, 20 (31.3%) diffusion abnormalities, and 43 (66.2%) cortical involvement. Good outcome at discharge among patients with seizures was seen in 8\/23 patients with viral etiology (34.8%), 10\/24 patients with autoimmune encephalitis (45.5%), and 12\/20 patients with unknown cause (60%).\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was present in 43 patients (29.9%). On multivariate regression analysis, the factors associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were generalized seizures during hospitalization (p\u00a0=\u00a00.03), focal seizures (p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.001), and the presence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) (p\u00a0=\u00a00.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of seizures during hospitalization and an abnormal brain\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are the strongest predictors of the development of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The etiology of encephalitis, presence of focal neurologic deficits, and interictal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      abnormalities did not influence the development of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T07:06:49Z","timestamp":1418972809000},"page":"133-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Postencephalitic epilepsy: Clinical characteristics and predictors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tarun D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Fugate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Hocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro A.","family":"Rabinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2004.01244_3.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.9.1407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"S331","article-title":"The burden of epilepsy to patients and payers","volume":"16","author":"Cardarelli WJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.8.1513"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Clinical, neuro\u2010radiological and prognostic aspects of post\u2010encephalitic catastrophic epilepsies","volume":"35","author":"Nieto\u2010Barrera M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1684\/j.1950-6945.2000.tb00375.x","article-title":"Clinical findings, imaging characteristics and outcome in catastrophic post\u2010encephalitic epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Trinka E","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/7010.2006.00223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2007.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6494-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199804023381407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699550040729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)00086-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(00)00269-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1684\/j.1950-6945.2002.tb00480.x","article-title":"Surgical pathology of drug\u2010resistant partial epilepsy. 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