{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:52:37Z","timestamp":1781765557939,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,13]],"date-time":"2014-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beatrice Surovell Haskell Fund for Child Mental Health Research of Copenhagen","award":["11531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11531"]}]},{"name":"Central Denmark Region \u00e2\u20ac\u201c the Foundation for Improvement of Psychiatric Research at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Center"},{"name":"The Danish Council for Independent Research | Medical Sciences","award":["12-132331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-132331"]}]},{"name":"The M\u00c3\u00b8ller Foundation \u00e2\u20ac\u201c A.P. M\u00c3\u00b8ller and wife Chastine McKinney-M\u00c3\u00b8ller"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>No formal guidelines for diagnosing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNES<\/jats:styled-content>) in children exist, and little is known about the clinical practice of diagnosing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNES<\/jats:styled-content> in the pediatric setting. We therefore performed a national survey as a first step to document pediatricians\u2019 current diagnostic practice for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNES<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire was distributed to all pediatricians (n\u00a0=\u00a064) working in the field of neuropediatrics and\/or social pediatrics in the Danish hospital setting to uncover their use of terminology and of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010) codes as well as their clinical diagnostic approach to pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNES<\/jats:styled-content>. The questionnaire included questions on 18 history and 24 paroxysmal event characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The response rate was 95% (61\/64). There was no consensus on which terminology and diagnostic codes to use. Five history characteristics (psychosocial stressors\/trauma, sexual abuse, paroxysmal events typically occur in stressful situations, no effect of antiepileptic drugs, and physical abuse) and six paroxysmal event characteristics (resisted eyelid opening, avoidance\/guarding behavior, paroxysmal events occur in the presence of others, closed eyes, rarely injury related to paroxysmal event, and absence of postictal change) were agreed to be very predictive of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNES<\/jats:styled-content> by at least 50% of the pediatricians. Supplementary diagnostic tests such as blood chemistry measurements (e.g., blood glucose or acute phase reactants; i.e., white blood cell count and C\u2010reactive protein) and electrocardiography were inconsistently used. Only 49% of the respondents reported to use video\u2010electroencephalography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEEG<\/jats:styled-content>) frequently as part of their diagnostic procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first national survey that offers a systematic insight into the diagnostic practices for children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNES<\/jats:styled-content> in the hospital setting. The results demonstrate a need for clinical guidelines to improve and systematize the diagnostic approach for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNES<\/jats:styled-content> in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,13]],"date-time":"2014-12-13T07:07:13Z","timestamp":1418454433000},"page":"58-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Diagnostic practice of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (<scp>PNES<\/scp>) in the pediatric setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Bianca T.","family":"Wichaidit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pediatrics Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte U.","family":"Rask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Center Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(03)00055-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31814dab98"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.32-6-e66"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000140997.24408.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.03.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.116707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104509338437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7378.1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22345"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.235424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813488679"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.12881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.12881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:47:43Z","timestamp":1696319263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.12881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.12881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.12881","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,13]]}}}