{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:13:15Z","timestamp":1791353595597,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]],"date-time":"2015-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000095","name":"Savoy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Although a clear correlation has been observed between high\u2010frequency oscillations (HFO<\/jats:styled-content>s) and the seizure\u2010onset zone in distinct lesions, the role of the underlying pathologic substrates in the generation of HFO<\/jats:styled-content>s is not well established. We aimed to investigate HFO<\/jats:styled-content> correlates of different pathologic substrates in patients with drug\u2010resistant epilepsy, and to examine the relation of HFO<\/jats:styled-content>s with the anatomic location of the dysplastic lesion and surrounding tissue in patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We studied consecutive patients with drug\u2010resistant epilepsy who underwent intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG<\/jats:styled-content>) investigations with depth electrodes at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, between November 2004 and May 2013. Inclusion criteria were the following: a focal lesion documented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI<\/jats:styled-content>); EEG<\/jats:styled-content> recording at a 2,000\u00a0Hz sampling rate; and seizures starting from depth electrode contacts placed in lesion and perilesional tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Thirty\u2010seven patients (13 FCD<\/jats:styled-content>, 12 mesial temporal sclerosis, five cortical atrophy, three polymicrogyria, three nodular heterotopia, and one tuberous sclerosis) were included; 18 were women (median age 34). Ripples and fast ripples were found in all lesion types, except tuberous sclerosis, which showed no fast ripples. There was a significant difference in rates of ripples and fast ripples across different lesions (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001), with higher rates in FCD<\/jats:styled-content>, mesial temporal sclerosis, and nodular heterotopia than in atrophy, polymicrogyria, and tuberous sclerosis. Regarding patients with FCD<\/jats:styled-content>, HFO<\/jats:styled-content>s rates differed significantly across the three types of tissue (lesional, perilesional, and nonlesional; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001), being higher within the borders of the MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010visible dysplastic lesion, followed by the surrounding area, and rare in the remote cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Significance<\/jats:title>Our findings suggest that in patients who are all intractable, the HFO<\/jats:styled-content> rates vary with different pathologies, and reflect different types of neuronal derangements. Our results also emphasize the potential usefulness of HFO<\/jats:styled-content>s as an additional method to better define the extent of the epileptogenic dysplastic tissue in FCD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]],"date-time":"2015-03-05T05:45:14Z","timestamp":1425534314000},"page":"592-598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Pathologic substrates of focal epilepsy influence the generation of high\u2010frequency oscillations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Taissa","family":"Ferrari\u2010Marinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuro\u2010physiology Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein Sao Paulo 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