{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T07:05:25Z","timestamp":1783494325237,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder of childhood. To determine the genetic diagnostic yield in epileptic encephalopathy, we performed a retrospective cohort study in a single epilepsy genetics clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included all patients with intractable epilepsy, global developmental delay, and cognitive dysfunction seen between January 2012 and June 2014 in the Epilepsy Genetics Clinic. Electronic patient charts were reviewed for clinical features, neuroimaging, biochemical investigations, and molecular genetic investigations including targeted next\u2010generation sequencing of epileptic encephalopathy genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic causes were identified in 28% of the 110 patients: 7% had inherited metabolic disorders including pyridoxine dependent epilepsy caused by<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>7A1<\/jats:italic>mutation, Menkes disease, pyridox(am)ine\u20105\u2010phosphate oxidase deficiency, cobalamin G deficiency, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, glucose transporter 1 deficiency, glycine encephalopathy, and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency; 21% had other genetic causes including genetic syndromes, pathogenic copy number variants on array comparative genomic hybridization, and epileptic encephalopathy related to mutations in the<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCN<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCN<\/jats:styled-content>2A<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCN<\/jats:styled-content>8A<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KCNQ<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STXBP<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCDH<\/jats:styled-content>19<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLC<\/jats:styled-content>9A6<\/jats:italic>genes. Forty\u2010five percent of patients obtained a genetic diagnosis by targeted next\u2010generation sequencing epileptic encephalopathy panels. It is notable that 4.5% of patients had a treatable inherited metabolic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to combine inherited metabolic disorders and other genetic causes of epileptic encephalopathy. Targeted next\u2010generation sequencing panels increased the genetic diagnostic yield from &lt;10% to &gt;25% in patients with epileptic encephalopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T11:23:26Z","timestamp":1427282606000},"page":"707-716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["Diagnostic yield of genetic testing in epileptic encephalopathy in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Saadet","family":"Mercimek\u2010Mahmutoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Genetics and Genome Biology Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaina","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Hewson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Callen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Pediatrics McMaster Children's Hospital McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Donner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecil D.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Genetics and Genome Biology Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berge A.","family":"Minassian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Genome Biology Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Michael Bahen Chair in Epilepsy Research Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahendranath","family":"Moharir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komudi","family":"Siriwardena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly K.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Weksberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Genetics and Genome Biology Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"O. 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