{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:12:19Z","timestamp":1790223139334,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]],"date-time":"2015-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP0669648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP0669648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The association between autism spectrum disorders (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) and prenatal anticonvulsant exposure is increasingly investigated, but comprehensive, blinded assessment using a validated instrument for autism within a well\u2010characterized prospective cohort has not been conducted. Thus, existing studies may represent an underestimate of the true risk. Herein we present a prospective cohort study in children exposed to anticonvulsants during pregnancy, with all assessments conducted by examiners who were blinded to drug\u2010exposure status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were 105 Australian children aged 6\u20138\u00a0years who were recruited via the Australian Pregnancy Register for Women on Antiepileptic Medication. Maternal epilepsy, pregnancy, and medical history data were obtained prospectively. Autism traits were assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven children (10.5%) had elevated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores. Two were exposed to valproate monotherapy (2\/26; 7.7%), two to carbamazepine monotherapy (2\/34; 5.9%), and seven to valproate in polytherapy (7\/15; 46.7%). Linear regression analysis showed that the mean valproate dose during pregnancy was a significant predictor of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores after controlling for polytherapy, mean carbamazepine dose, folic acid use, seizures during pregnancy, tobacco and marijuana use, maternal intelligence quotient (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and socioeconomic status. First trimester folic acid supplementation and marijuana use were also significant predictors of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CARS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using direct assessment of children in our prospective study, we found an elevated rate of autism traits across the sample. The most important determinant of association with autistic traits was higher doses of sodium valproate exposure. The use of valproate in women who may become pregnant is now generally avoided; however, there are insufficient data regarding the risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with low\u2010dose valproate. If this risk is no greater than with other antiepileptic drugs (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )s, it may enable women with genetic generalized epilepsy to retain optimal seizure control as well as minimize harm to their unborn child.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]],"date-time":"2015-05-11T07:15:02Z","timestamp":1431328502000},"page":"1047-1055","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Prospective assessment of autism traits in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Amanda G.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Southern Clinical School Monash University 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Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology and Psychiatry Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence J.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Vajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Australian Pregnancy Register for Women on Antiepileptic Medication Melbourne Victoria 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