{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:42:25Z","timestamp":1785818545614,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fund for Scientific Research Flanders","award":["G.0745.09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G.0745.09"]}]},{"name":"Programma Financiering","award":["PFV\/10\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PFV\/10\/008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amygdala kindling is a widely used animal model for studying mesial temporal lobe epileptogenesis. In the macaque monkey, electrical amygdala kindling develops slowly and provides an opportunity for investigating ictal perfusion changes during epileptogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two rhesus monkeys were electrically kindled through chronically implanted electrodes in the right amygdala over a period of 16 and 17\u00a0months. Ictal perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPECT<\/jats:styled-content>) imaging was performed during each of the four predefined clinical stages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Afterdischarge duration increased slowly over 477\u00a0days for monkey K and 515\u00a0days for monkey S (18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08\u00a0s in stage I; 52\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0s in stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>). During this time, the animals progressed through four clinical stages ranging from interrupting ongoing behavior to bilateral convulsions. Ictal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPECT<\/jats:styled-content> perfusion imaging showed well\u2010localized but widely distributed regions of hyperperfusion and hypoperfusion, in both cortical and subcortical structures, at every seizure stage. A large portion of the ictal network was involved in the early stages of epileptogenesis and subsequently expanded over time as seizure severity evolved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data indicate that the different mesial temporal lobe seizure types occur within a common network affecting several parts of the brain, and that seizure severity may be determined by seizure\u2010induced epileptogenesis within a bihemispheric network that is implicated from the start of the process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T07:13:27Z","timestamp":1436944407000},"page":"1366-1375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ictal perfusion changes associated with seizure progression in the amygdala kindling model in the rhesus monkey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Evy","family":"Cleeren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neuro\u2010 and Psychophysiology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory for Epilepsy Research KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Casteels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine &amp; Molecular Imaging Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC) KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolien","family":"Goffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine &amp; Molecular Imaging Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neuro\u2010 and Psychophysiology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Van Paesschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Epilepsy Research KU Leuven Leuven 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