{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:21:31Z","timestamp":1761513691829},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]],"date-time":"2015-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Being a common cause of epilepsy in endemic areas, neurocysticercosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>) is expected to account for a sizable proportion of patients with drug\u2010refractory epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content>) as well. However, data regarding prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content> are sparse. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content> as well as identification of clinical and radiologic factors that lead to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted in a tertiary\u2010care postgraduate teaching institute in Northern India from July 2011 to July 2013. Two hundred patients with epilepsy due to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content> (definite [n\u00a0=\u00a059, 29.5%] or probable [n\u00a0=\u00a0141, 70.5%]) based on diagnostic criteria by Del Brutto et\u00a0al. were enrolled in the study in both a prospective (n\u00a0=\u00a051 [25.5%]) and a retrospective manner (n\u00a0=\u00a0149 [74.5%]), and were followed for a minimum period of 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content> were found to be refractory to drug therapy. Prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content> was found to be 65 of 1,000 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content> patients with epilepsy in the present study. The risk factors associated with high risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content> were male sex (p\u00a0=\u00a00.035), older age (p\u00a0=\u00a00.016), pig\u2010raising practices (p\u00a0=\u00a00.003), pork eating (p\u00a0=\u00a00.04), and presence of multiple (&gt;2) (p\u00a0=\u00a00.0001) or mixed stage lesions (p\u00a0=\u00a00.007) on neuroimaging. On multivariate analysis, it was found that residing in an area where pig raising is prevalent (p\u00a0=\u00a00.01) and presence of multiple (&gt;2) (p\u00a0=\u00a00.004) lesions on neuroimaging are associated with increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCC<\/jats:styled-content> is only rarely associated with the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content>. The common risk factors associated with increased chance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRE<\/jats:styled-content> include pig\u2010rearing practices and presence of multiple (&gt;2) lesions on neuroimaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]],"date-time":"2015-09-07T07:57:04Z","timestamp":1441612624000},"page":"1747-1752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neurocysticercosis: An uncommon cause of drug\u2010refractory epilepsy in North Indian population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Manoj","family":"Goyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Partap","family":"Chand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niranjan","family":"Khandelwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis &amp; Imaging Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parampreet Singh","family":"Kharbanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veenu","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis &amp; Imaging Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2009.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00097-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168828.83461.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.67804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.11704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000249113.11824.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90064-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.46.677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199706000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.2.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Kuppuswamy's socioeconomic status scale\u2010 updating for 2007","volume":"74","author":"Kumar N","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-008-0075-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2011.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-10-468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2006.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: a clinical and radiological appraisal from Kerala state, south India","volume":"42","author":"Kuruvilla A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(03)00211-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1755-6783.77186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.2001.0558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"366","article-title":"A clinico\u2010serological study of neurocysticercosis in patients with ring enhancing lesions in CT scan of brain","volume":"54","author":"Kotokey RK","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.13130","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.13130","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T17:40:24Z","timestamp":1694972424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.13130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.13130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13130","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,7]]}}}