{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T23:12:10Z","timestamp":1768777930434,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]],"date-time":"2015-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["628952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["628952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["628725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["628725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004752","name":"State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1060312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1060312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lennox\u2010Gastaut syndrome, and the similar but less tightly defined Lennox\u2010Gastaut phenotype, describe patients with severe epilepsy, generalized epileptic discharges, and variable intellectual disability. Our previous functional neuroimaging studies suggest that abnormal diffuse association network activity underlies the epileptic discharges of this clinical phenotype. Herein we use a data\u2010driven multivariate approach to determine the spatial changes in local and global networks of patients with severe epilepsy of the Lennox\u2010Gastaut phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 9 adult patients and 14 controls. In 20\u00a0min of task\u2010free blood oxygen level\u2013dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data, two metrics of functional connectivity were studied: Regional homogeneity or local connectivity, a measure of concordance between each voxel to a focal cluster of adjacent voxels; and eigenvector centrality, a global connectivity estimate designed to detect important neural hubs. Multivariate pattern analysis of these data in a machine\u2010learning framework was used to identify spatial features that classified disease subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate pattern analysis was 95.7% accurate in classifying subjects for both local and global connectivity measures (22\/23 subjects correctly classified). Maximal discriminating features were the following: increased local connectivity in frontoinsular and intraparietal areas; increased global connectivity in posterior association areas; decreased local connectivity in sensory (visual and auditory) and medial frontal cortices; and decreased global connectivity in the cingulate cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and pons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a data\u2010driven analysis method in task\u2010free functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show increased connectivity in critical areas of association cortex and decreased connectivity in primary cortex. This supports previous findings of a critical role for these association cortical regions as a final common pathway in generating the Lennox\u2010Gastaut phenotype. Abnormal function of these areas is likely to be important in explaining the intellectual problems characteristic of this disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]],"date-time":"2015-09-03T07:55:13Z","timestamp":1441266913000},"page":"1767-1773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Brain regions with abnormal network properties in severe epilepsy of Lennox\u2010Gastaut phenotype: Multivariate analysis of task\u2010free <scp>fMRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Mangor","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan 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