{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:02:50Z","timestamp":1791511370482,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]],"date-time":"2015-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\/02961\u20102, 2011\/16452\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\/02961\u20102, 2011\/16452\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies using quantitative neuroimaging have shown subtle abnormalities in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGE<\/jats:styled-content>). These findings have several locations, but the midline parasagittal structures are most commonly implicated. The cingulate cortex is related and may be involved. The objective of the current investigation was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the cingulate cortex using multiple quantitative structural neuroimaging techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two patients (18 women, 30 \u00b1 10 years) and 36 controls (18 women, 32 \u00b1 11 years) were imaged by 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>). A volumetric three\u2010dimensional (3D) sequence was acquired and used for this investigation. Regions\u2010of\u2010interest were selected and voxel\u2010based morphometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VBM<\/jats:styled-content>) analyses compared the cingulate cortex of the two groups using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VBM<\/jats:styled-content>8 software. Cortical analyses of the cingulate gyrus was performed using Freesurfer. Images were submitted to automatic processing using built\u2010in routines and recommendations. Structural parameters were extracted for individual analyses, and comparisons between groups were restricted to the cingulate gyrus. Finally, shape analyses was performed on the anterior rostral, anterior caudal, posterior, and isthmus cingulate using spherical harmonic description (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPHARM<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VBM<\/jats:styled-content> analyses of cingulate gyrus showed areas of gray matter atrophy, mainly in the anterior cingulate gyrus (972 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) and the isthmus (168 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). Individual analyses of the cingulate cortex were similar between patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGE<\/jats:styled-content> and controls. Surface\u2010based comparisons revealed abnormalities located mainly in the posterior cingulate cortex (718.12 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Shape analyses demonstrated a predominance of anterior and posterior cingulate abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGE<\/jats:styled-content> have structural abnormalities in the cingulate gyrus mainly localized at the anterior and posterior portions. This finding is subtle and variable among patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T05:09:55Z","timestamp":1443503395000},"page":"1803-1811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Investigation of the cingulate cortex in idiopathic generalized epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Aline M. da S.","family":"Braga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Psychology and Psychiatry Botucatu Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo State University UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine K.","family":"Fujisao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Psychology and Psychiatry Botucatu Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo State University UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto 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