{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:48:13Z","timestamp":1790210893453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hippocampal sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>) is the most frequent neuropathologic finding in patients undergoing surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>). The International League Against Epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILAE<\/jats:styled-content>) has recently proposed a new classification of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> based on specific patterns of cell loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> types, their etiologic factors, and the short\u2010 and long\u2010term postsurgical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery because of drug\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred thirteen patients with a neuropathologic diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> and a minimum follow\u2010up of 2\u00a0years were divided on the basis of their <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILAE HS<\/jats:styled-content> type and further classified into: (1) isolated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>, (2) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> associated with focal cortical dysplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FCD III<\/jats:styled-content>a), or (3) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> associated with other lesions. Their clinical and neuropathologic data were correlated with their Engel class postsurgical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main findings were the following: (1) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> type 1 was associated with a longer duration of epilepsy; (2) &gt;80% of the patients had an Engel class I short\u2010 and long\u2010term outcomes, regardless of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> type and associated pathology; (3) short\u2010 and long\u2010term postsurgical outcomes were less satisfactory in the patients who were completely seizure\u2010free (Engel class Ia), and patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> type 2 had better long\u2010term seizure outcomes than those with type 1; (4) the concomitant presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FCD<\/jats:styled-content> contributed to a worse outcome, regardless of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> type; and (5) a shorter duration of epilepsy significantly correlated with an Engel class Ia outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content> type and associated pathologies may predict the risk of recurrence, but other variables such as the duration of epilepsy need to be considered. A common neuropathologic classification system may help to identify preoperative predictive factors and improve the selection of patients who may benefit from epilepsy surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T15:17:42Z","timestamp":1450365462000},"page":"306-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Short\u2010 and long\u2010term surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis: Relationships with neuropathology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Deleo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit C. 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