{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T22:34:31Z","timestamp":1788042871442,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Postgraduate Award Scholarship (University of Melbourne)"},{"name":"Epilepsy Society Australia UCB Clinical Pharma Scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012504","name":"Royal Melbourne Hospital Neuroscience Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patterns of postoperative seizure control and response to antiepileptic drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s) in tumor\u2010associated epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAE<\/jats:styled-content>) are poorly understood. We aim to document these characteristics in patients with supratentorial gliomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of 186 patients with supratentorial gliomas. Seizure patterns were classified into four groups: A, no postoperative seizure; B, early postoperative seizure control within 6 months; C, fluctuating seizure control; and D, never seizure\u2010free. Rates and duration of seizure freedom, subsequent seizure relapse, and response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content> were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients included, 49 (26.3%) had grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, 28 (15.1%) had grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, and 109 (58.6%) had grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> glioma. Outcome pattern A was observed in 95 (51.1%), B in 22 (11.8%), C in 45 (24.2%), and D in 24 (12.9%). One hundred nineteen patients had at least one seizure and were classified as having <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAE<\/jats:styled-content>. Compared to pattern A, pattern B was predicted by histologic progression; pattern C by tumor grade, preoperative seizure, and histologic progression, and pattern D by preoperative seizure and gross total resection. Among patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAE<\/jats:styled-content>, 57.5% of grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, 68.2% of grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, and 26.3% of grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> experienced a period of 12\u2010month seizure freedom. After first 12\u2010month seizure remission, 39.1%, 60.0%, and 13.3% of grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> III<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> gliomas, respectively, experienced subsequent seizure; 22.6% of those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAE<\/jats:styled-content> reached terminal seizure freedom of at least 12 months on their first postoperative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content> regimen, 6.5% on their second regimen, and 5.4% on subsequent regimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distinct patterns of postoperative seizure control exist in gliomas; they have specific risk factor profiles, and we hypothesize these correspond to unique pathogenic mechanisms. Twelve\u2010month seizure freedom with subsequent relapse is frequent in grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> gliomas. Response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s is markedly poorer than with non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAE<\/jats:styled-content>, highlighting the complex epileptogenicity of gliomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T05:36:39Z","timestamp":1474868199000},"page":"1779-1788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Postoperative seizure control in patients with tumor\u2010associated epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Neal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Morokoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence John","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06967-3.00012-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318266fa89"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.JNS081132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nor205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1094-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/2\/0227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67070-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9781-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours. 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