{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:28:23Z","timestamp":1790076503766,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,26]],"date-time":"2016-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Epilepsy Foundation (project 14-16)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In one third of patients, seizures remain after epilepsy surgery, meaning that improved preoperative evaluation methods are needed to identify the epileptogenic zone. A potential framework for such a method is network theory, as it can be applied to noninvasive recordings, even in the absence of epileptiform activity. Our aim was to identify the epileptogenic zone on the basis of hub status of local brain areas in interictal magnetoencephalography (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) networks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Preoperative eyes\u2010closed resting\u2010state\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      recordings were retrospectively analyzed in 22 patients with refractory epilepsy, of whom 14 were seizure\u2010free 1 year after surgery. Beamformer\u2010based time series were reconstructed for 90 cortical and subcortical automated anatomic labeling (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) regions of interest (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s). Broadband functional connectivity was estimated using the phase lag index in artifact\u2010free epochs without interictal epileptiform abnormalities. A minimum spanning tree was generated to represent the network, and the hub status of each\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was calculated using betweenness centrality, which indicates the centrality of a node in a network. The correspondence of resection cavity to hub values was evaluated on four levels: resection cavity, lobar, hemisphere, and temporal versus extratemporal areas.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hubs were localized within the resection cavity in 8 of 14 seizure\u2010free patients and in zero of 8 patients who were not seizure\u2010free (57% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 73% accuracy). Hubs were localized in the lobe of resection in 9 of 14 seizure\u2010free patients and in zero of 8 patients who were not seizure\u2010free (64% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 77% accuracy). For the other two levels, the true negatives are unknown; hence, only sensitivity could be determined: hubs coincided with both the resection hemisphere and the resection location (temporal versus extratemporal) in 11 of 14 seizure\u2010free patients (79% sensitivity).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying hubs noninvasively before surgery is a valuable approach with the potential of indicating the epileptogenic zone in patients without interictal abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,26]],"date-time":"2016-11-26T01:36:46Z","timestamp":1480124206000},"page":"137-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Identifying the epileptogenic zone in interictal resting\u2010state\n                    <scp>MEG<\/scp>\n                    source\u2010space networks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ida A.","family":"Nissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis J.","family":"Stam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap C.","family":"Reijneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam &amp; Department of Neurology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse E. C. W.","family":"van Straaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eef J.","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes C.","family":"Baayen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"De Witt Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Idema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjan","family":"Hillebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1684\/j.1950-6945.2006.tb00204.x","article-title":"The epileptogenic zone: general principles","volume":"8","author":"Luders HO","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epileptic 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