{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:07:01Z","timestamp":1790082421597,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interictal epileptic spikes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IES<\/jats:styled-content>s), apart from being a key marker of epileptic neuronal networks, constitute a nice model of the widespread endogenous phenomenon of neuronal hypersynchronization. Many questions concerning the mechanisms that drive neurons to hypersynchronize remain unresolved, but synaptic as well as nonsynaptic events are likely to be involved. In this study, changes in optical properties of neural tissues were observed in rats with penicillin\u2010induced<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IES<\/jats:styled-content>using fast optical signal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOS<\/jats:styled-content>) concomitantly with electrocorticography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>oG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, near\u2010infrared optical imaging was used with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>oG to investigate variations in the optical properties of cortical tissue directly associated with neuronal activity in 15 rats.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOS<\/jats:styled-content>changes correspond to variations of scattered light from neuronal tissue when neurons are activated. To independently evaluate our method, a control experiment on somatosensory was designed and applied to seven different rats. Time\u2010frequency analysis was also used to track variations of (de)synchronization concomitantly with changes in optical signals during<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IES<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOS<\/jats:styled-content>responses revealed that changes in optical signals occurred 320 msec before to 370 msec after the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IES<\/jats:styled-content>peak. These changes started before any changes in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>oG signal. In addition, time\u2010frequency domain electrocorticography revealed an alternating decrease\u2010increase\u2010decrease in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>oG spectral power (pointing to desynchronization\u2010synchronization\u2010desynchronization), which occurred concomitantly with an increase\u2010decrease\u2010increase in relative optical signal during the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IES<\/jats:styled-content>. These results suggest a relationship between (de)synchronization and optical changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These changes in the neuronal environment around<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IES<\/jats:styled-content>s raise new questions about the mechanisms that induce changes in optical properties of neural tissues before the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IES<\/jats:styled-content>, which may provide suitable conditions for neuronal synchronization during<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IES<\/jats:styled-content>s.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>oG constitutes a multimodal approach and opens new avenues to study the mechanisms of neuronal synchronization in the pathologic brain, which has clinical implications, at least in epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T10:56:57Z","timestamp":1485255417000},"page":"608-616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Shedding light on interictal epileptic spikes: An in vivo study using fast optical signal and electrocorticography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Mana","family":"Manoochehri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1105 GRAMFC University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mahmoudzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 1105 GRAMFC University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens 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