{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:10:50Z","timestamp":1786727450995,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007775","name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Bras\u00edlia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003769","name":"Eisai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed at defining clinical predictors of drug resistance in adults with genetic generalized epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GGE<\/jats:styled-content>) who were treated with a broad spectrum of antiepileptic drugs. Of a cohort of 137 unselected adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GGE<\/jats:styled-content> patients with long\u2010term follow up, clinical and demographic data, putative prognostic factors (e.g., psychiatric comorbidities, electroencephalography [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>]), treatment response, and data indicative of social status were collected. Fifty\u2010eight patients had seizures within the past year. Thirty\u2010three patients met the definition of \u201cdrug\u2010resistant epilepsy\u201d according to the International League Against Epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILAE<\/jats:styled-content>) definition. Psychiatric comorbidities, age at first diagnosis, and absences were associated with worse seizure control, whereas focal changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content> remained without prognostic impact. Resistance to valproic acid was the most important prognostic factor for refractory seizures. Resistance to valproic acid had a specificity of 100% to identify patients with drug resistance and correlated strongly with bad social outcome and seizure burden. Conversely, 21.2% of all patients with refractory seizures according to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILAE<\/jats:styled-content> definition later became seizure free (mainly with valproic acid). Our data suggest that \u201cdrug resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GGE<\/jats:styled-content>\u201d must not be declared unless patients were adequately treated with valproic acid, and advocate resistance to valproic acid as a new clinical biomarker for drug\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GGE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.13702\/suppinfo\">here<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T12:22:49Z","timestamp":1487852569000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Resistance to valproic acid as predictor of treatment resistance in genetic generalized epilepsies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Gesche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of Odense Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Khanevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of Odense Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Solberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of Odense Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph Patrick","family":"Beier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of Odense Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department for Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12751"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000313148.34629.1d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.2000.0432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.11.1002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.19400.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"The relationship between treatment with valproate, lamotrigine, and topiramate and the prognosis of the idiopathic generalised epilepsies","volume":"75","author":"Nicolson A","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60461-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.2.240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.008"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.13702","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.13702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T09:48:59Z","timestamp":1696326539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.13702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.13702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13702","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]}}}