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Young adults with childhood\u2010onset epilepsy with complicated (abnormal neurologic exam findings, abnormal brain imaging with lesion referable to epilepsy, intellectual disability (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IQ<\/jats:styled-content> &lt; 60) or informative history of neurologic insults to which the occurrence of epilepsy might be attributed), and uncomplicated epilepsy presentations were compared to healthy sibling controls. Age, gender, and matched\u2010pair adjusted generalized linear models stratified by complicated epilepsy and 5\u2010year seizure\u2010free status estimated adjusted odds ratios (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">confidence intervals [CI<\/jats:styled-content>s] for each outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 15\u2010year follow\u2010up included 361 individuals with epilepsy (59% of initial cases; N = 291 uncomplicated and N = 70 complicated epilepsy; mean age 22 years [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">standard deviation, SD<\/jats:styled-content> 3.5]; mean epilepsy onset 6.2 years [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 3.9]) and 173 controls. Social outcomes for cases with uncomplicated epilepsy with \u22655 years terminal remission were comparable to controls; cases with uncomplicated epilepsy &lt;5 years seizure\u2010free were more likely to be less productive (school\/employment &lt; 20 h\/week) (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.63, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.83\u20137.20) and not to have a driver's license (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 6.25, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.85\u201313.72). Complicated cases with epilepsy &lt;5 years seizure\u2010free had worse outcomes across multiple domains; including not graduating high school (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 24.97, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 7.49\u201383.30), being un\u2010 or underemployed (&lt;20 h\/week) (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 11.06, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 4.44\u201327.57), being less productively engaged (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 15.71, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 6.88\u201335.88), and not living independently (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 10.24, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.98\u201326.36). Complicated cases without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> (N = 36) had worse outcomes with respect to productive engagement (a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 6.02; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.48\u201314.58) compared to controls. Cases with complicated epilepsy were less likely to be driving compared to controls, irrespective of remission status or ID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In individuals with uncomplicated childhood\u2010onset epilepsy presentations and 5\u2010year terminal remission, young adult social outcomes are comparable to those of sibling controls. Complicated epilepsy, notable for intellectual disability, and seizure remission status are important prognostic indicators for long\u2010term young adult social outcomes in childhood\u2010onset epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T17:47:14Z","timestamp":1491414434000},"page":"781-791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Social outcomes of young adults with childhood\u2010onset epilepsy: A case\u2010sibling\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Christine B.","family":"Baca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine Aurora Colorado U.S.A"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara G.","family":"Vickrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California U.S.A"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rochelle","family":"Caplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne T.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Ann &amp; Robert H. 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