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We compared patients without any current psychiatric disorder, patients with current\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\/or\n AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , patients with subsyndromic depression episodes (\n SSDE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and anxiety episodes (\n SSAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and patients with family psychiatric history.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In a cross\u2010sectional study, we included 144 consecutive patients with\n MTLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n (82 pharmacoresistant and 62 treatment\u2010responsive patients). Every patient underwent a psychiatric evaluation including the Structured Clinical Interview for\n DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) Axis I (\n SCID<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010I), Beck Depression Inventory (\n BDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (\n BAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (\n NDDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010E), and Interictal Dysphoric Disorder Inventory (\n IDDI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Patients were divided into four groups: PsychNeg (G1, n = 61), current\n SSDE<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n SSAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n (G2, n = 26), Current\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (G3, n = 25), and current mixed\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (G4, n = 32).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among patients with pharmacoresistant\n MTLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 68.3% (56\/82) experienced symptoms of depression and\/or anxiety (G2, G3, and G4) (\n odds ratio [OR]<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.8, 95%\n confidence interval [CI]<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.41\u20135.53, p < 0.01). Patients with mixed\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (G4, n = 24\/32) were more likely to have pharmacoresistant\n MTLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4.04, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.57\u201310.42, p < 0.01) than psychiatric asymptomatic patients (G1, n = 26\/61), and their seizure frequency was significantly higher (p < 0.01). Positive family psychiatric history was more frequent in pharmacoresistant patients (n = 27\/82,\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.28, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.02\u20135.05, p = 0.04). Finally, 31.6% of patients with\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and or\n AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n were not receiving psychiatric treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Significance<\/jats:title>\n \n Identification of comorbid\n MD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and of family psychiatric history is of the essence in patients with\n MTLE,<\/jats:styled-content>\n as they appear to be associated with worse seizure control.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]],"date-time":"2017-05-26T11:42:37Z","timestamp":1495798957000},"page":"1268-1276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Concurrent mood and anxiety disorders are associated with pharmacoresistant seizures in patients with MTLE"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Mateus H.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa L.","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Coan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres M.","family":"Kanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-9568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Cendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-26492007000100004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2004.00324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2011000300015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.17.2.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM\u2010IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597-14.6.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"360","volume-title":"Neurobiology of mental illness","author":"Lohoff FW","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462001000300008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"Validation of a Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory and the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory in Brazilian subjects","volume":"29","author":"Gorenstein C","year":"1996","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Manual of Beck scales in Portuguese","author":"Cunha JA","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-26492010000400007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2007.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f25b16"},{"issue":"46","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Differential effect of mood and anxiety disorders on the quality of life and perception of adverse events to antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy. 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