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We provide an overview of the inflammatory biomarkers under investigation in prospective clinical studies in epilepsy: proinflammatory cytokines in prolonged febrile seizure; High Mobility Group Box\u00a01 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMGB<\/jats:styled-content>1) as a prognosis biomarker in epilepsy and the interaction between inflammation and metabolism, in particular, iron metabolism, in epilepsy. The designs of the European Union <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPISTOP<\/jats:styled-content> project following prospectively patients with tuberous sclerosis from birth to the start of the epilepsy and of the Standard and New Antiepileptic Drugs\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> study illustrate how such studies can be used to find new inflammatory biomarkers of ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. If we want to bridge the current gap between having numerous biomarker candidates from preclinical studies and their selective use in clinical practice, we need to explore multiple biologic systems, not just including inflammation. In addition, it is crucial that those involved in the design and support of relevant clinical studies recognize this gap and act accordingly, and in the interests of improving the diagnosis and prognosis for epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T15:13:10Z","timestamp":1499181190000},"page":"20-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prospective clinical trials to investigate clinical and molecular biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3874-9749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Auvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Department &amp; INSERM U1141, Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 University Hospital APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Clinical Pharmacology Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Gallentine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Neurology) Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiusz","family":"Jozwiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Neurology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Tombini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology Campus Bio\u2010Medico University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme J.","family":"Sills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Clinical Pharmacology Institute of Translational Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12299"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0034-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318266fcc5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182759766"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"GallentineWGSS HesdorfferDC SeinfeldS et\u00a0al.Plasma cytokines in children following febrile status epilepticus. 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