{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:05:45Z","timestamp":1791511545831,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]],"date-time":"2017-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To validate predictive models for neural antibody positivity and immunotherapy response in epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective study of epilepsy cases at Mayo Clinic (Rochester\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ; Scottsdale\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and Jacksonville\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in whom autoimmune encephalopathy\/epilepsy\/dementia autoantibody testing profiles were requested (06\/30\/2014\u201006\/30\/2016). An Antibody Prevalence in Epilepsy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) score, based on clinical characteristics, was assigned to each patient. Among patients who received immunotherapy, a Response to Immunotherapy in Epilepsy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RITE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) score was assigned. Favorable seizure outcome was defined as &gt;50% reduction of seizure frequency at the first follow\u2010up\n                      <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 1,736 patients were sent to the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory for neural autoantibody evaluation. Three hundred eighty\u2010seven of these patients met the diagnostic criteria for epilepsy. Central nervous system (CNS)\u2013specific antibodies were detected in 44 patients. Certain clinical features such as new\u2010onset epilepsy, autonomic dysfunction, viral prodrome, faciobrachial dystonic seizures\/oral dyskinesia, inflammatory\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      profile, and mesial temporal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities had a significant association with positive antibody results. A significantly higher proportion of antibody\u2010positive patients had an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      score \u22654 (97.7% vs. 21.6%, p &lt; 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      score \u22654 to predict presence of specific neural auto\u2010antibody were 97.7% and 77.9%, respectively. In the subset of patients who received immunotherapy (77), autonomic dysfunction, faciobrachial dystonic seizures\/oral dyskinesia, early initiation of immunotherapy, and presence of antibodies targeting plasma membrane proteins (cell\u2010surface antigens) were associated with favorable seizure outcome. Sensitivity and specificity of a\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RITE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      score \u22657 to predict favorable seizure outcome were 87.5% and 83.8%, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RITE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores can aid diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication of autoimmune epilepsy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.13797\/suppinfo\">here<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]],"date-time":"2017-05-26T11:56:39Z","timestamp":1495799799000},"page":"1181-1189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Predictive models in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Divyanshu","family":"Dubey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4914-9589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaysingh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester 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