{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:35:04Z","timestamp":1792154104989,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006010","name":"Bayer Schering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006314","name":"Biogen Idec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004329","name":"Genzyme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increasing incidence of new\u2010onset seizures with age is well known. Often, the etiology cannot be clarified. In the present study, patients with unprovoked late\u2010onset seizures and without known neoplasm, who might have had paraneoplastic encephalitis, were investigated for a potentially underlying autoimmunity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010six consecutive patients (36 women; aged \u226555 years) after having at least one seizure or seizures for \u22646 months were prospectively identified over a period of 4.75 years. All patients were tested for serum and cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) antibodies (Abs) to both neural cell\u2010surface and intracellular antigens. Forty\u2010five (68%) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>). Follow\u2010up in Ab\u2010positive cases was \u22656 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two patients had high titers of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CASPR<\/jats:styled-content>2 (contactin\u2010associated protein\u2010like 2) Abs in serum and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of definite limbic encephalitis. Another two patients had bilateral encephalitic temporal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> abnormalities. They also satisfied the criteria of definite limbic encephalitis, even though they had no Abs in serum or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>. All four were in the age range of 55\u201370 years. They received immunotherapy and\/or antiepileptic drug treatment and became seizure\u2010free.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that autoimmunity should be considered an important etiology in patients with late\u2010onset seizures. Testing for neural antibodies and brain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> may be worthwhile in this patient group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T06:23:08Z","timestamp":1499322188000},"page":"1542-1550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prevalence and outcome of late\u2010onset seizures due to autoimmune etiology: A prospective observational population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"von Podewils","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Epilepsy Center University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Suesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Epilepsy Center University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Geithner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Berlin\u2010Brandenburg Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Gaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Epilepsy Center University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong I.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Epilepsy Center University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald 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