{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:10:07Z","timestamp":1788970207318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 25 million individuals older than age 15 identify as transgender, representing about 0.3\u20130.9% of the world's population. The aim of this paper is to identify and describe important medical and social considerations facing transgender persons with epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed literature searches on the following terms: transgender <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content> epilepsy, transgender <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content> neurology, gender dysphoria <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content> epilepsy, gender dysphoria <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content> neurology. We also performed literature searches for common feminizing or masculinizing treatment regimens, and searched for interactions of those treatment regimens with antiepileptic drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s) and with seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are multiple bidirectional interactions between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s and the commonly used treatments for aligning external sex characteristics with identified gender. The scope of the transgender population with epilepsy remains to be elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transgender patients with epilepsy face significant social and medical challenges. Interactions between medical gender\u2010affirming treatments and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s are common, and management must depend on knowledge of these interactions to provide appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T19:33:24Z","timestamp":1501788804000},"page":"1667-1672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Caring for transgender patients with epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6457-938X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00683-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00684-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9299-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515627205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Epilepsy. 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