{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:09:09Z","timestamp":1790809749374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000861","name":"Sparks","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004102","name":"Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"Universitetet i Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate what proportion of a regional cohort of cooled infants with neonatal encephalopathy develop epilepsy (determined by the International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] definition and the number of antiepileptic drugs [AEDs]) up to 8 years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2006\u20132013, 151 infants with perinatal asphyxia underwent 72\u00a0h cooling. Clinical and amplitude\u2010integrated electroencepalography (aEEG) with single\u2010channel EEG\u2010verified neonatal seizures were treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s. Brain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed using a 0\u201311 severity score.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Postneonatal seizures, epilepsy rates, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content> treatments were documented. One hundred thirty\u2010four survivors were assessed at 18\u201324\u00a0months; adverse outcome was defined as death or Bayley <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> composite Cognition\/Language or Motor scores &lt;85 and\/or severe cerebral palsy or severely reduced vision\/hearing. Epilepsy rates in 103 children age 4\u20138\u00a0years were also documented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aEEG<\/jats:styled-content> confirmed seizures occurred precooling in 77 (57%) 151 of neonates; 48% had seizures during and\/or after cooling and received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s. Only one infant was discharged on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s. At 18\u201324\u00a0months, one third of infants had an adverse outcome including 11% mortality. At 2\u00a0years, 8 (6%) infants had an epilepsy diagnosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILAE<\/jats:styled-content> definition), of whom 3 (2%) received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s. Of the 103 4\u2010 to 8\u2010year\u2010olds, 14 (13%) had developed epilepsy, with 7 (7%) receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s. Infants\/children on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s had higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> scores than those not on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s (median [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">interquartile range<\/jats:styled-content>] 9 [8\u201311] vs. 2 [0\u20134]) and poorer outcomes. Nine (64%) of 14 children with epilepsy had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cerebral palsy <\/jats:styled-content>compared to 13 (11%) of 120 without epilepsy, and 10 (71%) of 14 children with epilepsy had adverse outcomes versus 23 (19%) of 120 survivors without epilepsy. The number of different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s given to control neonatal seizures, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aEEG<\/jats:styled-content> severity precooling, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> scores predicted childhood epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report, in a regional cohort of infants cooled for perinatal asphyxia, 6% with epilepsy at 2\u00a0years (2% on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s) increasing to 13% (7% on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s) at early school age. These <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content> rates are much lower than those reported in the cooling trials, even with adjusting for our cohort\u2032s milder asphyxia. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up is needed to document final epilepsy rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T16:59:38Z","timestamp":1506704378000},"page":"1902-1911","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Reduced infancy and childhood epilepsy following hypothermia\u2010treated neonatal encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Xun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Neuroscience Translational Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Jary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Neuroscience Translational Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol United 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