{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:04:12Z","timestamp":1790744652006,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To review clinical evidence on the antiepileptic effects of deep brain stimulation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for drug\u2010resistant epilepsy, its safety, and the factors influencing individual outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A comprehensive search of the medical literature (PubMed, Medline) was conducted to identify relevant articles investigating\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      therapy for drug\u2010resistant epilepsy. Reference lists of these articles were used to source further articles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and hippocampus (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) has been shown to decrease the frequency of refractory seizures. Half of all patients from clinical studies experienced a 46%\u201090% seizure reduction with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and a 48%\u201095% seizure reduction with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The efficacy of stimulating other targets remains inconclusive due to lack of evidence. Approximately three\u2010fourths of patients receiving\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , or centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) stimulation are responders\u2014experiencing a seizure reduction of at least 50%. The time course of clinical benefit varies dramatically, with both an initial lesional effect and ongoing stimulation effect at play. Improved quality of life and changes to cognition or mood may also occur. Side effects are similar in nature to those reported from\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      therapy for movement disorders. Several factors are potentially associated with stimulation efficacy, including an absence of structural abnormality on imaging for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      stimulation, and electrode position relative to the target. Certain seizure types or syndromes may respond more favorably to specific targets, including\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      stimulation for deep temporal or limbic seizures, and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      stimulation for generalized seizures and Lennox\u2010Gastaut syndrome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We have identified several patient, disease, and stimulation factors that potentially predict seizure outcome following\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . More large\u2010scale clinical trials are needed to explore different stimulation parameters, reevaluate the indications for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and identify robust predictors of patient response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T21:35:33Z","timestamp":1512682533000},"page":"273-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":284,"title":["Deep brain stimulation for drug\u2010resistant epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0616-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C. H.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graeme Clark Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 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