{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:52:16Z","timestamp":1791823936914,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We convened an international group of experts to standardize definitions of New\u2010Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE), Febrile Infection\u2010Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES), and related conditions. This was done to enable improved communication for investigators, physicians, families, patients, and other caregivers. Consensus definitions were achieved via email messages, phone calls, an in\u2010person consensus conference, and collaborative manuscript preparation. Panel members were from 8 countries and included adult and pediatric experts in epilepsy, electroencephalography (EEG), and neurocritical care. The proposed consensus definitions are as follows: NORSE is<jats:italic>a clinical presentation<\/jats:italic>, not a specific diagnosis, in a patient without active epilepsy or other preexisting relevant neurological disorder, with new onset of refractory status epilepticus without a clear acute or active structural, toxic or metabolic cause. FIRES is a subcategory of NORSE, applicable for all ages, that requires a prior febrile infection starting between 2 weeks and 24 hours prior to onset of refractory status epilepticus, with or without fever at onset of status epilepticus. Proposed consensus definitions are also provided for Infantile Hemiconvulsion\u2010Hemiplegia and Epilepsy syndrome (IHHE) and for prolonged, refractory and super\u2010refractory status epilepticus. This document has been endorsed by the Critical Care EEG Monitoring Research Consortium. We hope these consensus definitions will promote improved communication, permit multicenter research, and ultimately improve understanding and treatment of these conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T05:46:42Z","timestamp":1517809602000},"page":"739-744","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":519,"title":["Proposed consensus definitions for new\u2010onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), febrile infection\u2010related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), and related conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Department of Neurology Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gaspard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles \u2013 H\u00f4pital Erasme Bruxelles Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"van Baalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropediatrics Christian\u2010Albrechts University University Medical Center Schleswig\u2010Holstein Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"Nabbout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies Department of Child Neurology Necker Enfants Malades Hospital AP\u2010HP, Paris Descartes University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Demeret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP\u2010HP, Neurological Intensive Care Unit Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital Paris 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Section of Pediatric Neurology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea O.","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology CHUV and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Hocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Neurology Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teneille E.","family":"Gofton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western University Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Abend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Department of Neurology Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecil","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houman","family":"Khosravani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt\/Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugen","family":"Trinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Christian Doppler Medical Center Paracelsus Medical University Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health Department of Public Health Health Services and HTA UMIT Hall in Tirol 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