{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:35:15Z","timestamp":1787164515932,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Addiction","award":["MOP-57840, MOP-123520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-57840, MOP-123520"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In drug\u2010resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), relative to the large number of whole\u2010brain morphological studies, neocortical T2 changes have not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the anatomical principles that govern the distribution of neocortical T2\u2010weighted fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal intensity and uncover its topographic principles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using a surface\u2010based sampling scheme, we mapped neocortical\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      intensity of 61\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients relative to 38 healthy controls imaged at 3 T. To address topographic principles of the susceptibility to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      signal changes in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , we assessed associations with normative data on tissue composition using 2 complementary approaches. First, we evaluated whether the degree of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010related\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      intensity changes differed across cytoarchitectonic classes as defined by Von Economo\u2010Koskinas taxonomy. Second, as a proxy to map regions with similar intracortical composition, we carried out a\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      intensity covariance paradigm in controls by seeding systematically from all cortical regions, and identified those networks that were the best spatial predictors of the between\u2010group\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Increased intensities were observed in bilateral limbic and paralimbic cortices (hippocampus, parahippocampus, cingulate, temporopolar, insular, orbitofrontal). Effect sizes were highest in periallocortical limbic and insular classes as defined by the Von Economo\u2010Koskinas cytoarchitectonic taxonomy. Furthermore, systematic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      intensity covariance analysis in healthy controls revealed that similarity patterns characteristic of limbic cortices, most notably the hippocampus, served as sensitive predictors for the topography of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      hypersignal in patients.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      intensity findings were robust against correction for morphological confounds. Patients with a history of febrile convulsions showed more marked signal changes in parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices, known to be strongly connected to the hippocampus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLAIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      intensity mapping and covariance analysis provide a model of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      gray matter pathology based on shared vulnerability of periallocortical and limbic cortices.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T09:39:28Z","timestamp":1517391568000},"page":"627-635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Topographic principles of cortical fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery signal in temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Adler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroImaging of Epilepsy Laboratory McConnell Brain Imaging Center Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok\u2010Jun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroImaging of Epilepsy Laboratory McConnell Brain Imaging Center Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroImaging of Epilepsy Laboratory McConnell Brain Imaging Center Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Baldeweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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