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Electrocorticographic signals were recorded during quiet baseline and a story\u2010listening task. The likelihood of 70\u2010 to 150\u2010Hz power modulation during the listening task relative to the baseline was estimated for each electrode and plotted on a cortical surface model. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and diagnostic odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOR<\/jats:styled-content>) were estimated compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content>, using a meta\u2010analytic framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen patients (10 with left hemisphere electrodes) aged 4\u201019 years were analyzed. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HGM<\/jats:styled-content> during story listening was observed in bilateral posterior superior temporal, angular, supramarginal, and inferior frontal gyri, along with anatomically defined language association areas. Compared to either cognitive or both cognitive and orofacial sensorimotor interference with naming during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content>, left hemisphere <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HGM<\/jats:styled-content> showed high specificity (0.82\u20100.84), good accuracy (0.66\u20100.70), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOR<\/jats:styled-content> of 2.23 and 3.24, respectively. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HGM<\/jats:styled-content> was a better classifier of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content> language sites in the left temporoparietal cortex compared to the frontal lobe. Incorporating visual naming with the story\u2010listening task substantially improved the accuracy (0.80) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOR<\/jats:styled-content> (13.61) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HGM<\/jats:styled-content> mapping, while the high specificity (0.85) was retained. In the right hemisphere, no <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content> sites for aphasia were seen, and the results of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HGM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content> comparisons were not significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HGM<\/jats:styled-content> associated with story listening is a specific determinant of left hemisphere <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content> language sites. It can be used for presurgical language mapping in children who cannot cooperate with conventional language tasks requiring active engagement. Incorporation of additional language tasks, if feasible, can further improve the diagnostic accuracy of language localization with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HGM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T19:03:56Z","timestamp":1519239836000},"page":"792-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Electrocorticographic high\u2010gamma modulation with passive listening paradigm for pediatric extraoperative language mapping"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0873-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravindra","family":"Arya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Adam","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Vannest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna W.","family":"Byars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Rozhkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansel M.","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Buroker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Division of 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