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We conducted a systematic review of published epidemiologic studies of epilepsy of 4 preventable etiologic categories\u2014perinatal insults, traumatic brain injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBI<\/jats:styled-content>), central nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>) infection, and stroke. Applying consistent criteria, we assessed the quality of each study and extracted data on measures of risk from those with adequate quality ratings, summarizing findings across studies as medians and interquartile ranges. Among higher\u2010quality population\u2010based studies, the median prevalence of active epilepsy across all ages was 11.1 per 1000 population in lower\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>) and 7.0 per 1000 in high\u2010income countries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIC<\/jats:styled-content>). Perinatal brain insults were the largest attributable fraction of preventable etiologies in children, with median estimated fractions of 17% in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>and 15% in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIC<\/jats:styled-content>. Stroke was the most common preventable etiology among older adults with epilepsy, both in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>and in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIC<\/jats:styled-content>, accounting for half or more of all new onset cases.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBI<\/jats:styled-content>was the attributed cause in nearly 5% of epilepsy cases in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIC<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>infections were a more common attributed cause in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>, accounting for about 5% of all epilepsy cases. Among some rural<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>communities, the median proportion of epilepsy cases attributable to endemic neurocysticercosis was 34%. A large proportion of the overall public health burden of epilepsy is attributable to preventable causes. The attributable fraction for perinatal causes, infections,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBI<\/jats:styled-content>, and stroke in sum reaches nearly 25% in both<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMIC<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIC<\/jats:styled-content>. Public health interventions addressing maternal and child health care, immunizations, public sanitation, brain injury prevention, and stroke prevention have the potential to significantly reduce the burden of epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T03:01:19Z","timestamp":1523415679000},"page":"905-914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["The primary prevention of epilepsy: A report of the Prevention Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0533-7062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Thurman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Begley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health University of Texas Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5821-6379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Carpio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Cuenca Cuenca Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Helmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1783-5381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dale C.","family":"Hesdorffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Medical Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamadore","family":"Tour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Fann University Hospital Dakar Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Parko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6999-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles R.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute\u2013Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Neurological disorders: public health challenges","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Executive Board 136th Session.Global burden of epilepsy and the need for coordinated action at the country level to address its health social and public knowledge implications.2015[cited 2018 Jan 13]. 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